GLOSSARY 161

mands,”’ the passionate, egoistic soul ;

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3. an-nafs al-lawwamah : “‘soul which blames,”’ the
soul aware of its ownimperfections ;

4, an-nafs al-mutma’innah . ‘‘the soul at peace,”
the soul reintegrated in the Spirit and at rest in
certainty.

The last three of these expressions are from the Quran.

on-Nafs al-kulliyah : the Universal Soul, which includes all in-
dividual souls. This corresponds to the Guarded Tablet
and is the complement of the Spirit (ar- Rizh) or First In-
tellect (al-*4ql al-awwal) and is analogous to the Psyche of
Plotinus.

Nagshabendiyah : Sufi order of Persian origin, founded by Naqsh-
band (1317-1389), which has spread chiefly in Islamic
countries in the East.

nisab kulliyah : universal relationships, universal categories.

an-Nir :  light, in particular the Divine Light, uncreated, which
includes all manifestation and is identified with Existence,
considered as a principle. Cf. this verse from the Quran:
“God is the Light of the heavens and of the earth ., .
(XX1V, 35).

Omar al-Khayyam: Persian Sufi of the eleventh and twelfth
centuries famous for his poems. He reacted against reli-
gious hypocrisy by veiling his spiritual allusionsin sceptical
language.

Omar (‘Umar) ibn al-Farid, 1182-1235, famous Sufi poet who
wrote on Divine Love. Lived at Cairo.

al-qabd : contraction ; spiritual state following from fear of God ;
opposite of al-bust.

al-qabil . receptacle, passive and receptive substance; derived
from root QBL which means “to receive,’”” “to be in face
of’ (plural : (al-gawabil)

Qadiriyah :  Sufi order founded by ‘Abd al-Qader Jilani.

al-qadr : power, predestination, the measure of the powerinherent
in a thing.

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