of education and competence of the workers, there has been no
serious effort by the management except in the case of
TANESCO, to educate workers and particular the workers’
representatives. It is only the other institutions like TANU, NUTA
and especially the National Institute of Productivity (N.I.P.) that
are trying to embark upon programmes of workers’ education. In
Friendship Textile Mill the workers’ representatives, for example,
had undergone only a seven days workers’ education programme
by July which had been organised by the institutions mentioned
above. The lack of total acceptance by the management of the
policy of participation is a problem that several enterprises have in
the country. The fact that by May 1971 several public enterprises
had not formed the Workers' Council in spite of the Presidential
Circular urguing them to do so by the end of 1970 is an indication
that some members of the management have not fully accepted
the spirit of the Circular.'® The management seems not to have
changed their attitudes about management. They still like to give
orders and make policies for the enterprises. Unless there is full
acceptance by the management there cannot be much success in
implementing the Circular since much of the responsibility of im-
plementing it lies with on the management.

It is not only the lack of acceptance of the management that
renders the implementation of workers’ participation difficult, the
workers themselves also pose some problems. One of the
problems is again that of acceptance. Though generally people
tend to take workers’ acceptance to participate for granted, this is
not always the case. In the two case studies, most of the workers
want to participate in order to break the traditional mode of
management. This is particularly true with almost all the blue
collar workers who really feel the evils of the traditional autocratic
way of management. The white collar workers on the other hand,
are passive to the whole idea of workers’ participation for reasons
which I have indicated earlier. This was particularly clear in the
case of TANESCO. Besides the lack of full acceptance by some of
the workers the idea of workers’ participation seems not to have
been understood quite properly by the workers. The workers’
representatives are unable to know the role they should play and
are still not able to distinguish the functions and powers of the dif-
ferent institutions like Workers’ Committee, Workers’ Council,
TANU Branch, which are in each enterprises. The workers’

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