even at their most militant and most political leave something to
be desired as guides to radical economic strategy — in their con-
ceptualisation of imperialism, for example, and of the sort of fun-
damental economic transformation necessary to realize effective
‘self-reliance’ and one begins to realise how much more remains to
be done to put into practice the rhetorical assertions of Mwongozo.
Perhaps the President’s avowed aim, in handing over day-to-day
governmental authority to the Prime-Minister Rashidi Kawawa in
early 1972, of devoting ‘more attention to questions of Party and
national leadership’ carries with it some promise in this regard. *
In any case we are here moving ever more boldly into the
broadest kind of questions concerning Tanzania’s overall trajec-
tory, and we have not the space to pursue them further. It is
enough to reiterate that the outcome of Tanzania’s class struggle
in both its ideological and political manifestations, could effect the
functioning of the parastatals even more fundamentally than it has
already, and that such developments are therefore absolutely
crucial dimensions of the political economy of the parastatals,
properly defined.

As noted earlier, the Party is most likely to fully realise the
playing of its essential role to the extent that it also comes to focus
the energies of an aroused mass of peasants and workers. Again
we have not the opportunity here to discuss the exact nature of
the dialectic which is being established between party leadership
and mass assertions and the extent to which an effective popular
base for socialism is emerging — even though the results of such
a long-term process can also be expected to impinge in important
ways upon the functioning of the parastatals. One aspect of this
overall process is of more immediate and crucial significance to
the parastatals, however, and we cannot avoid discussion of it
here. Thus, while it is important that more highly-conscious
workers, allied with more highly-conscious peasants, may begin to
feed into TANU with increasing effect, thereby producing cadres
and strengthening the party’s hand vis-a-vis the bureaucracy, the
direct involvement of workers in parastatal enterprises is already a
factor to be reckoned with. For certain important innovations
during the past three years have also placed workers’ participation
firmly on the agenda of Tanzanian socialism.

In much socialist theory, the contribution of the workers has
been seen as the most vitally important ingredient in socialist con-

30