policy. . . in several cases in the past we have been blamed fqr
misinterpreting Government and Party policies.'® What is worse,
in the absence of a clearly defined strategy for the socialist trans-
formation of Tanzania there have been no rational criteria by
which public sector investment and other spending decisions could
be assessed. Parastatals have therefore either behaved in exactly
the same manner as their private enterprise forerunners or have at-
tempted to draw up their own criteria. Recently the Planning
Ministry itself confessed that parastatals ‘remain so far largely out-
side attempts at socialist planning of the economy; investment
decisions are made in essentially the same way as in the private
sector of an unplanned economy.’'® At the end of 1971 N.D.C.
made the following revealing statement: as the government
develops an industrial strategy to ensure that industrialisation
follows a socialist pattern, and as N.D.C. and other institutions
implement this strategy . . . ,20 which simultaneously raises the
question of, and provides the answer to, how parastatal decisions
have been taken since the Arusha Declaration. The need for
strategy is most seriously felt in the industrial sphere where the
dilemma has been summed up in the following terms:

If you put together all the industrial investment figures of the plan
where N.D.C's name is mentioned, you will come up with an
astonishing figure of Shs.1,300/ = million. You may say that these 93
industrial projects contained in the plan constitute a marvellous action
programme for the N.D.C. Unfortunately, apparently no one was
seriously aware of the critical deficiencies in the plan which made it
manifestly inadequate as an action programme . . . the plan as a whole is
overestimated by about 30% as far as financial resources is concerned
and also overestimated by about 30 % as far as market capacity is con-
cermed. Without details as to which projects are affected by these
overestimations of financial resources and market capacity, the in-
dividual industrial projects listed become sorrounded in a veil of un-
certainty . . . What should be taken now, therefore, as an official
guideline in the formulation of our industrialisation policies??!

In fact, strictly speaking, and as Mramba and Mwansasu have
pointed out*?2 an industrial strategy for the Second Five-Year Plan
was actually announced in 1969 by the minister responsible. This
aimed to achieve.

(a) an increase in per capita income.

(b) an increase in the rate of industrial income.

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