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These factors have been crucial then. It is Tanzania's
progressive constellation of ‘organisation and ideology’ which has
pushed imperialism and the locally privilege as far as they have
had to go in order to accomodate to the imperatives of Tanzania
socialism. But, as we have been noting, the latter goal has not yet
been reached and indeed many of the most subtle barriers to
socialist reconstruction remain to be smashed through. It is when
confronted with such tasks that other, more equivocal, aspects of
organisational and ideological factors in Tanzania have become
apparent and these features, too, have begun to present themselves
as weaknesses which remain to be overcome. Thus an ideology
which is merely ‘suspicious’ of imperialism (in a manner which
sometimes seems to be little more than the obverse of its parallel
suspicions of the socialist camp!) is probably not a wholly
adequate key to understanding the present-day ramifications of the
historically-defined relationship of dependence. Tanzania lacks in
effect, a theory of imperialism. Similarly, it has been argued by
some observers that an insufficiently forceful emphasis on the
contradictions which continue to characterise the relationship bet-
ween privileged domestic classes and the ‘workers and peasants’
has also blurred the possibilities for progressive advance; such ob-
servers therefore pin-pointed the leadership’s failure to confront
adequately the realities of class struggle as another crucial
ideological weakness.!°

For our purposes it is important to note an important corollary
to such a set of arguments: that these very weaknesses at the

‘ideological level help to forestall the definition of a sufficiently

radical development strategy and really meaningful industrial
strategy. A ‘major road-block to progress still appears to lie
precisely at the point where technical calculation begins to shade
over into divergent ideological perceptions, into fundamentally dif-
ferent problems, as to the very nature of underdevelopment and
the strategic imperatives which that reality suggests.’'' Moreover,
the discussion here carries us into the organisational sphere. For,
as noted above, the party has been the bearer of the positive
ideological impetus in Tanzania. Necessarily it also exemplifies
many of the weaknesses we are now discussing. Moreover, it has
remained an institution capable of directing the system only on the
most general plane. It has never developed the capacity to con-
tinuously concretise goals and in that way to both guide the

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