very important problem will only be on specific genes which are markers The production of this review by grants from the Ford Foundation, Child Health and Human Development, TABLE 1 resolved by careful studies for individual chromosomes. has been supported in part National Institute for and the Population Council. * Cases of freemartinism in cattle and their cytogenetic sex ——— Author No. cases Cytogenetic Proven freemartins sex Goodfellow, Strong & Stewart (1965) 2 XX/XY Herschler & Fechheimer (1967) 13 XX /XY Herschler & Fechheimer (1966) A XX/XY Gerneke (1967) 3 XX/XY Kanagawa, Muramoto, Kawata & 4 XX /XY Ishikawa (1965) Kanagawa, Kawata, Ishikawa, Muramoto 2 XX /XY & Ono (1965)