11 13 17 19 33 47 v» ‘ , 1r ‘4’“ (is: f.“ U: C sf ‘~ 0717000~ I! CONTENTS Acknowledgments Foreword Preface PART ONE RESEARCH AND DESIGN CHAPTER I DESIGN: IMAGES, PRESENTATIONS,AND TESTS Why Describe Design? Five Characteristics of Designing Overview CHAPTER 2 RESEARCH: CONCEPTS, HYPOTHESES, AND TESTS Developing Concepts Formulating Hypotheses Empirical Testing Overview CHAPTER 3 RESEARCH AND DESIGN COOPERATION Purposes of Cooperation Occasions for Cooperation Overview