NOTES 317

lbri ocdo (ed.by Daremberg, Leipzig, 1859) often follows closely
Hippocrates and he discusses almost every ailment then known and
the treatment; especially valuable is the evidence of Book VIII for
the surgery of the time. He treats of erysipelas Book V. Ch. 26.
31—33 and of 'sacred fire!, herpes circinatus, Book V. Ch. 28. 4.
Fracastorius frequently follows him. 'The first edition of Celsus
was edited by B. Fontius, Florence, 1478, N. Alemannus; the MS.
was discovered in 1426.

8o (Colsus describes phygethlon (or phygetron) as a broad, flat
tumor, very painful, chiefly on the neck, armpits, or groin; contains
purulent matter. PAyma, he says, is *a tuberculum that resembles a
furuncle, but is rounder, flatter and often larger; frequent in boys,
rarer in youths.??

&:(Celsus, V. 28. 10, under P^ygethlon, says:. Panum a similitu—
dine figurae nostri vocant. Fracastorius is certainly quoting his
statement; he may have had before him a faulty text of Celsus, for
Daremberg, the editor of Celsus (Teubner), here found Panem in
more than one MS. but restores Panum. Panus (Greek wfros,
the threaded bobbin of a shuttle, Doric r&»os) is used to denote the
shape of a certain tumor by several late Latin writers and is fre—
quent in Pliny, who XXII. 156 prescribes lupine for panos, strumas.
'"The word was sometimes written pannus, which is wrong. I have
therefore altered the text, though panem, possibly a printer'!s error
in the first edition of this treatise in 1546, persists in all the editions
of Fracastorius that I have seen. Meunier, p. 207, retains panem
and translates 'pain'; Fossel also translates (Brod'.  See also Celsus
V. 18. 19, a prescription for the cure of 'panuwus . . . which the
Greeks call phygethlon.*

8: Althoin represents Arabic al—ta'un. In early writers ali£haun
is also found; not in Celsus.

8s For suffersurae (lit. 'heated from beneath'), see p. 75.

84 Desudalio, 'violent sweating', is identified with miliaris alba;
sudamina (Greek iöpea) are vesicles that resemble sweat, eczema
sudamen.

5s (''This is clearly a form of the Greek o'8Qua«, 'swelling?, through
the Syriac undema'' (D. S. Margoliouth). Udimia is another
form of this word, much used by Arab writers and their imitators.
Other variants are zimia and zinia. Vigo (1517) uses phlegmon
undimiades for a pituitous phlegmon, i. e. a phlegmon in which
phlegm or pituita predominates over the blood as the humor that
generated the malady.

€5 Choirades, hog—backs', is Greek (Xop&86es) for rocks that just
show above water.

5; Porro, Italian for wart.

88 Akrochordones (Axpos, tip), first described by Hippocrates,
is the regular Greek word for warts; Latin verrucae, e. g. in Celsus
and Pliny; the former gives akrochordones as the Greek equivalent.
'This definition in Fracastorius is taken from Paul of Aegina.