NOTES 311

Vesalius, Humani Corporis Fabrica, gives three uses of the word: 1)
the ordinary classical! sense, sinews or muscles, 2) tendons or liga—
ments, 3) **the organs that carry the animal spirits from the brain
to the parts of the body.^  Vesalius was first published at Venice,
1543, and must have been known to Fracastorius, though he does
not mention him. In the present treatise, the latter does not use
the word musc«Iws, but in his Sy/mpathy it occurs twice, of the
muscles of the cheek.

so The words adustus, ezxustus, used several times of a humor
by Fracastorius, are represented in 17th cent. English writers, such
as Burton, by 'adust', i. e. parched to dryness by heat which has
evaporated the thinner elements.  8See p. 155, phlegm adust,
and p. 177, blood somewhat adust. * Adustion of the humors makes
men mad," says Burton. Adusfio (see p. 225), a state of dryness
due to heat, should be distinguished from $nffammafio.

s: Aristotle, Historia Animalium, 604 a, says: "Rabies drives the
dog mad, and any animal whatever, ezcep(fing man, will take the
disease if bitten by a dog so afflicted; the disease is fatal to the dog
itself, and to any animal it may bite, ezcep/öng man.? — The italicised
words, in the Greek rXQ)r d»0porov, are lacking in most MSS., and
are deleted by Piccolos, 1863 'The difficulty as to the fact was
evidently felt by copyists and translators of Aristotle; but I find
nowhere the reading ro(» in the sense 'rather than', to which Fra—
eastorius refers. He could read this work of Aristotle in the Latin
version of Trapezuntius (about 1450) or in Gaza!/s better version,
made rather later.

s: Aetius of Amida (Diarbekr) lived in the 6th cent. ^. p. and
wrote on cutaneous diseases; he is said to have introduced the word
&xtiuaræ (Mit. 'out—boilings') to the vocabulary of medicine.  His
chief work was in 16 Books, of which the first 8 were printed by
Aldus, Venice, 1534. Fracastorius could read him in the trans—
lation by Montanus. See Index.

ss Phantasia is properly the visual memory of something that
has been seen, and should not here be translated ^imagination'
(Meunier), which in the De I/x(eWec«ione is clearly distinguished
from 'phantasy' by Fracastorius. In Book III of that work he
discusses the various kinds of illusions, and suggests that "yapors
in the eyes' may account for the illusions of rabies; or they may be
due to corrwyp(a ratio, & breakdown in ratiocination. In his Sym—
pathy, Ch. 19, on the various kinds of fear, he sometimes uses
phantasia in the general sense of fancy.* Burton, under Phantasy,
includes this illusion of "a picture of a dog, still in their water',
in hydrophobia, and was probably, as often, echoing Fracastorius.

51 Here liquesco has the common classical! sense, 'dissolve!, 'grow
soft', hence 'putrefy.

ss Ch. 9, p. 60, in his discussion of the attraection of opposite ele—
ments and qualities.

s5 Here, as often, he does not reject a popular superstition, but
tries to find a material explanation.