304 NOTES

26 In writers of this period the word generafio often does not
necessarily imply new life, but only coming into being.

; In his On Sympathy/ p. 87, he accounts for pleasant and un—
pleasant smells and tastes by 1) the ingredients of the substance;
cold and dry ingredients are less pleasant than moist or moderately
warm, because the resulting combination (mïsf£o) is uneven in
quality and quantity, and not thoroughly mixed as to its smallest
particles; this is repellent to the soul (anima); 2) in general, the
character of the combination.

25 He means that the first stage of putrescence is acidity.

^* Compare the tentative definition on p. 5.

so In Book III. Ch. 2. p. 195, he discusses the working of antidotes
by material and spiritual qualities.

s:Hyoscyamus, literally 'hog—bean', often called 'henbane'.
Dioscurides IV. 68 öos«ö6auos, gives three kinds, black, white and
yellow.

: Escara (Greek öcx&poæ&, hearth); the Latin equivalent is crusfa,
and in early medical writings, squarus is sometimes used; cp. English
*'scar!.

5s Aurtpigmentum, gold pigment, orpiment, is a mineral, trisul—
phide of arsenic, see p. 251. In his chapters giving lists of purga—
tives and causties and remedies that snducurn£ crusfas ulceribus,
Celsus, Book V, includes a«wwpigmetum under these heads. De—
scribed by Pliny XXXIII. 79. There are two kinds, red and yellow.

s:Pythiocampe (so he writes it) is correctly spelt pityocampe
(Grecek, pine—caterpillar).  Pliny, Nafural History XXIX. 95,
mentions the use of cantharides and pityocampe for the skin affec—
tion /ichenae, etc., but warns against the poisonous nature of can—
tharides and says that an Egyptian doctor who, in Nero's reign,
had been summoned to Rome to treat an intimate friend of the
Emperor for lichen, killed the patient by a dose of cantharides.
Both remedies, Pliny says, are caustic and good for inducing crusfae
on ulcers; also diuretic.  Dioscurides II. 61, along with cantharides,
recommends mrTO»o« k&umro«, pine—caterpillars, for cancer, leprosy
and lichen. Meunier, p. 57, translates wrongly, ^le venin des ser—
pents'.

s5 Fracastorius often states his belief, now of course a heresy,
that infectious diseases may develop spontaneously in our bodies;
see pp. 61, 69, 87 (pestilent fever), 89, 105, 227 (typhus), 135, 145
(syphilis), 169, 295 (elephantiasis), 171 (leprosy), 239 (plague).

s5 For the healthy person who contracts contagion, see pp. 83,
251 and passim.

$7In Thucydides, Book II, is the first detailed account in Greek
literature of Ao.uos, 'the plague', though Homer, Iliad I, describes
briefly its fatal effects on the army before Troy. It is a question,
however, what sort of epidemic these visitations were. Of the so—
called plague at Athens, Munro, the editor of Lucretius, says: *T
have looked into many professional accounts of this famous plague;