671
THE ESTATES GAZETTE
April 22, 1899.
Utarktfs.
CORN.
■MARK-LANE, April 17.—j\ moderate attendance of ouyers was at to-day’s maraet, and; aitiiougrn bus!־ ■less mane quiet progress, a general tone of firm-less prevailed. Lome-grown wiieat was in siiort supply, and ruled 6a. per quarter dearer tffan on Monday last, foreign sorts being nrm, and American nearer on scarcity. !1’Jour was generally iirm, and American grades Aeld1 for stiffer prices. Grinding oaney, altnougn quiet, was firm, oats and maize sr׳o־wing an improvement on tde week. Leans and peas siow. TJie wneat cargo market Las been quiet, out seners ask late prices. Eor a choice Walla Walla arrived per Gilford 29s. was asked. American parcels lower, 2bs. 9d. was paid! for bard Manitoba first half May, and 26s. 9d. Victorian per saner smpment in seven days. mdian parcels quiet. !No. 1 Ciub Lorn bay to Hull Apru-May sold at 29s. Maize firm; 16s. yd.^ taie quale was asked for April mixed American. Eor the Carlisle Gaiatz Eoxanian liessaraoian anoat ns. lOitt. was paid late Saturday. A parcel ol Odessa shipping or shipping made 17s. 6d., and shipment in 21 days 17s. 3d. harley hrm. Eor four options May-June 16s1. 6d. was still asked׳. Oats nrm out quiet. Wnite Canadian May sold 16s. 3d. London Produce Clearing House quotations of American wheat:—May, 6s. 3£d.; June, 6s. 0§d.; August, 6s. U^d.; October, 6s. U£d. per cental. Saies registered, 124,800 centals.' Maize-June, 3s. 6gd.; {September, 3s. 7gd. per cental. Sales registered, 14,400 centals. Arrivals last week:—English and Scotch: Wheat, 2,086 qrs.; barley, 1,748 qrs.; malt, 22J>33 qrs.; oats, 1,102 qrs.; Deans, 616 qrs.; peas, 109 qrs.; maize, 1,066 qrs.; hour, 19,671 sacks. Foreign: Wheat, 43,432 qrs.; barley, 3,619 qrs׳.; oats, 45,023 qrs.; beans, 122 qrs.; peas, 443 qrs.; maize, 46,029 qrs.; hour, 54,761 sacks.
CATTLE.
ISLINGTON, April 17.—Beast supplies this morning were of fair extent, including 96 Scotch and 780 Eastern counties. The demand for both prime and second! qualities was of a slow nature, and׳ prices tended against holders. Fat bulls evidenced a moderate inquiry, fat butchering cows being steady. Scotch quoted 4s. 4d. to 4s. 6d.; Devons, 4s. 4d. to 4s. 5d.; Norfolks, 4s. 2d. to 4s. 4d. ; Lincoln shorthorns 4s!. to 4s. 2d. ; and fat cows, 3s. 6d. to 3s. 8d. per 8lb. No Irish were received. Fair supplies of sheep were on offer, and a better demand existed for both wethers and ewes, trade being generally hrm. 7| to 8-stone Down wethers, 5s. 10d׳. to 6s.;
9-	stone ditto, 5s. 8d. to 5s. 10d.; 10-stone half-breds, 5s. 4d. to 5s. 6d. ; 12-stone Lincolns, 5s. 2d. to 5s. 4d. ;
10-	stone Down ewes, 4s. 6d. to 4s. 8d.; and 11-stone half-bred ditto, 4s. 2d. to 4s. 4d. Lambs, in steady request, ruled׳ hrm. 5-stone fat Downs, 6s. 8d. to 7s.; 6-stone half-bred ditto, 6s. 4d. to 6s. 6d. Calf trade steady. Top price, 5s. lOd. per 8ib., sinking the offal. Milch cows, £16 to £22 10s. per head. Total supplies—Beasts, 1,410; sheep and lambs, 8,910; calves, 15; milch cows, •60.
DEPTFORD, April 17—The supply of beasts to-day amounted to 1,442 head, consisting of 780 United States and 662 Argentine, this being 638 less than was shown on Monday last. A good demand prevailed, trade being hrm at dearer prices. United States sold 4s. to 4s. 2d. ; exceptionally 4s. 3d. ; and Argentine 3s. 8d. to 4s. Sheep supplies totalled 6,378, and again consisted entirely of South American, which is a decrease of 1,237 on comparison with last Monday, trade being hrmer at 4s. to 4s. 2d. per 81b. to sink the offal.
MEAT.
SMITHFIE’LD, April 17.—Moderate supplies were to ?and. and met a steady sale. Arrivals of beef included about 160 tons Scotch, 320 Liverpool sides,
There is a volume of decorative panels, ceilings and friezes, chiefly from the "Vatican ; and the animals, masks, urns, vases, lunettes and arabesques depicted in these undoubtedly had a large share in forming the decorative style of Robert Adam.
In volume III. the drawings, Nos. 22 and 23, present mirrors in the rococo style ; and volume XX. is mainly devoted to looking-glasses and girandoles.
Nos. 66 and 77 are mirror frames decorated with scallop shells and masks ; and in the rococo style are the designs for Earl Thanet, in which the acanthus scroll plays a leading part. No. 103 depicts a lyre-shaped girandole under date of 1772.
Volume No. 24 is devoted to chimneypieces, grates and door panels. No. 212 gives a design for a Gothic fireplace and! door screen at Alnwick, while No. 44 of Part II. gives a panel with Etruscan urns and lunettes, which recalls the Serilly boudoir at South Kensington. No. 103 shows the employment of the lyre design by the brothers Adam, this being employed in this instance for a girandole.
Volume No. 17 deals especially with furniture, grates and carpets. Among the most noteworthy designs are a cabinet for the Duchess of Manchester, dated 1771, and planned to receive “ eleven pieces of Scagliola landskips ” ; a commode for Apsley House, decorated with paterse and medallions ; a clothes press for the Earl of Coventry, 1764; a lyre-backed chair for Robert Child, Esquire; chairs with shield-shaped backs, such as are generally associated with Hepplewhite; and1 couches which have the arms supported in front by “ terms,” the Adam designation for terminal figures.
Among the tables are one for Nostel, with slab-top supported by “ terms ” ; and another decorated with Wedgwood plaques. There is also a sofa for Sir L. Dundas, with legs in the rococo style.
The entire series of volumes leave on the mind an impression of wonderful versatility and untiring industry; and are well worthy of the student’s attention, because of the remarkable unity of plan for each house, carried out with diversity of detail.
(To be continued.)
NOTICE.
The ESTATES GAZETTE should be delivered the first thing on Saturday morning. If difficulty occurs in obtaining copies from local newsagents, order direct from the office, No. 6, St. Bride-street, Fleet-street, London, or any of Messrs. W. H. SMITH and SONS’ Bookstalls.
Of Best Qualities at Reduced Prices.
SELECTIONS FOR ROTATION CROPS,
From 7s. per Acre.
SELECTIONS FOR PERMANENT PASTURE,
From 15s. per Acre.
“ Purity,” “ Genuineness,” and “ Germination ” Guaranteed.
For particulars of Mangel, Swede, Turnip and all other Farm Seeds, see our Catalogue, No. 502, post free on application.
DICKSONS, grsowedrs. CHESTER.
THE “ 1899 ” MODEL
HAMMOND TYPEWRITER.
More New Features.	Perfect Alignment.
A Back-space Key.	Uniform Impression.
Interchangeable Type.	Any Width of Paper
Work in Sight.	32 styles of Type.
Send for Catalogue to the
HI	OUST ID TYPEWRITER GO.,
50, QUEEN VICTORIA STREET, LONDON, E.C.
sidered as having had a greater effect than any other in moulding the national style.
The frontispiece, by Antonio Zucchi, recalls the devotion of the brothers to the five orders as regards exterior design. It is described as representing “ A student conducted to Minerva, who points to Greece and Italy as the countries from whence he must derive the most perfect knowledge of taste in elegant architecture.”
In the preface they rail against the current fashion, remarking that nothing is more sterile and disgustful than the dull repetition of the Orders round every apartment, where no Order ought to come.
They claim to have brought about in the decoration of the inside an almost total change. They think it reserved for their time to seo compartment ceilings carried to a degree of perfection in Great Britain that far surpasses any of the former attempts of other modern nations, and that not in the ponderous Italian style adopted in France, and adorned _ by Lepautre with luxurious imagination followed by Vanbrugh, Campbell and Gibbs.
They proceed to remark that the tabernacle frames for the dressing of doors, windows, niches and chimneypieces are not borrowed from the Italian or French, but derived from the decoration of altar-pieces ; while they had added grace and beauty to the whole by a mixture of grotesque stucco and painted ornament in the beautiful light style of ornament used by the Romans in palaces, baths and villas. Thus they had seized the beautiful spirit of antiquity and transferred it with novelty and variety. The style of ornament in the Countess’s dressing room, of the Earl of Derby’s house in Grosvenor-square, imitated from vases of the Etruscans, showed the first idea of applying this taste to the decoration of apartments. This style they carried out on the commodes and other furniture designed for Earl Derby’s mansion.
For Earl Mansfield’s villa at Caenwood, again, the brothers designed a magnificent buffet, perhaps one of their finest pieces of work, also bookcases in keeping with the style of decoration. Here they introduced fluted Corinthian pillars and alcoves in the Louis Seize style. These recesses, however, were fitted with mirrors.
That the brothers Adam were unable to keep themselves free from French influences is shown in the gilded drawing room chair made for Sir A. Hume, in Hill-street; this had the medallion back and broad circular seat, the fluted legs, padded arms and scallop shell ornament of the Louis XVI. period.
Among other famous designs of the brothers were those of the harpsichord for the Empress of Russia ; and the sedan chair fcr Queen Charlotte, decorated with panels akin to those of their drawing rooms, and supported by winged sphinxes. The book contains 64 designs for side tables, bookcases, draped cornices, mirrors, sconces, clocks and lamps, besides 32 architectural designs for chimneypieces, ceilings, cornices and׳ so forth. For the illustrations Robert made the designs of furniture, which have somewhat facetiously been termed “ The English version of Louis Seize.”
A considerable portion of the fame of the brothers Adam was due to the eo-operation of Michael Angelo Pergolesi, who published in 1777 his “Designs for Various Ornaments.” He was the draughtsman and probably the designer of the ornament for their “Works” ; and was fond of leaving the centre in his panel ornament to be painted by Cipriani, Angelica Kauffmann, or his own brush.
The house, No. 18, Portman-square, happily unaltered, embodies in its decoration many of the designs of Pergolesi, used, as architectural ornaments and friezes.
The decoration of the brothers Adam is rich but neat, chaste but not severe. It is generally in low relief, with fluted pilasters, and at times a rather stiff Renaissance ornament decorating the panel, quite distinct from the rococo style of Louis XV. The favourite details are vases, with husks, swags, delicate scrolls, fan-shaped ornaments, scallops, paterse, oval and circular medallions, with classical figures. Mahogany was generally used for the furniture. The sideboards had straight or serpentine shaped fronts, with square tapering legs. The inlay was of plain flutings in satinwood, relieved by fans or oval paterae.
At Sir John Soane’s museum are several volumes of original drawings for decoration and furniture by the brothers Adam.
There are no fewer than 27 volumes in all, ranging from the architectural designs of James Adam in 1760 for new Houses of Parliament, with huge chambers in the classical style for the “Illustrious Peers,” and the “Illustrious Commons,” with a vast assortment of bas-reliefs for their decoration down to the multitudinous designs of Robert Adam, such as plate for Sir W. W. Wynn and Sir N. Curzon; a wine cistern ; an elaborate domed bedstead planned in 1776 for their Majesties; a counterpane for the same; fire-screens, work-bags, clock and watch cases ;	“ lock furniture ” ; shutter
fasteners ; a carpet for Lady Coventry, the design of which would serve equally well for a ceiling ; organ cases ; brackets; and! a whole :.series of elaborate church monuments.
JnrntittrT (№ atttr JUfo.
XXXIII.
THE BROTHERS ADAM.
Robert Adam, the most celebrated of the four clever sons of William Adam, of Mary-burgh, John, James, William and Robert, was born in 1728, but two years after Sir William Chambers. Thus both were Scotch, and both rest in Westminster Abbey. William Adam, the father, was King’s mason at Edinburgh, and architect of Hopetoun House and the Royal Infirmary in the northern capital.
Though the brothers are rated below Sir William Chambers in knowledge of classical art, yet Robert, like Sir William, visited Italy, and made a very thorough study of the remains of a residential Italian palace, the Emperor Diocletian’s Palace at Spalatro. In this visit he had the advantage of the company of Clerisseau, the famous French architect; and the results were given to the world in 1764.
On his return from Italy in 1762, Robert was appointed architect to the King and. Queen ; and under his guidance the brothers designed furniture in keeping with their apartments; and the series of plates commenced! in 1773 gave designs for commodes, bookcases, sideboards with elegant urn-shaped knife-boxes, pedestals, brackets, clock cases, candelabra, mirror frames, console tables, bureaux or flat tables, all in keeping with the panels, niches, lunettes and festoons of their decorative designs.
Robert and James Adam are said to have originated the idea of giving to a number of unimportant private edifices the appearance of one imposing structure ; this was first applied to the Adelphi-terrace, commenced 1769, and afterwards to Portland, Stratford and Hamilton
places. The brothers likewise formed a style for their interiors which was marked by a fine sense of proportion.
Their most important works in the suburbs were Caenwood, for Lord Mansfield, and Os-terley House ; in the country, Keddlestone Hall, Derbyshire; ■Compton Verney, Warwickshire; and Luton House, Bedfordshire. In addition to these are to be ■found in their book, “ Works in Architecture of R. and J. Adam,” the classic design of the parish church at Mistley, Essex, and the Register Office, Edinburgh.
The great undertaking of the brothers Robert■ and James in the Strand, planned in 1768, and initiated in the following year, involved them in a good deal of trouble and difficulty, out of which, however, they emerged triumphantly. The vast congeries of arches on which the Adelphi-terrace and three adjacent streets were built; the wharfage and storage on the Thames bank, with access through the “dark arches,” quite separated from the streets and terraces above, necessitated a special bill in 1771 for the reclamation of the foreshore, and another in 1773 sanctioning the disposal of the property by lottery
The ceilings and decorations of the principal rooms in the Adelphi-terrace were the first great examples of the Adams style ; and happily the finest of them are accessible to large numbers of appreciative critics, as popular clubs occupy more than one of the famous houses. The famous Savage Club now holds one of Ihe choicest of them, while the Crichton and Junior Garrick clubs made them household words to thousands.
But to appreciate the finest work of the brothers, one must turn to “The Works in Architecture of Robert and James Adam, Esquires,” printed in parallel columns of French and English, and continued in serial form ■from 1773 to 1779. This work is oon-