March 4, 1899.
THE ESTATES GAZETTE
34 6
THE POINTS AND BREEDS OF SHEEP.
BY W. J. MALDEN,
Principal of the Agricultural College, ITcl?field.
LONDON AND BERKSHIRE.
Wo. R. NICHOLAS & Co. Auctioneer■ & Estate Agents, Blagrave Street, Reading, & 60, Fall Hall, S.W
It may appear at first sight that the history of sheep has not what is known as a practical side to it in these days, when we find the different breeds in such a highly developed state. In support of this we have the fact that even within quite recent years there has been a marked improvement in many breeds, and in many cases improvements have been made by men who profess to know little of the history of the breed to which they have devoted their attention. However, many of you present have helped to develop the Southdown sheep, and I daresay that on looking back to your earliest experience you will remember that you gained some of your knowledge from your fathers, and probably they learned something from theirs; in fact, there is no telling liow long back that knowledge may trace; these traditions are in themselves a history. One man likes one type of sheep, while another prefers a type possessing somewhat different points or features, although both are dealing with the same breed. Even in the showyard we find one judge does not always agree with another, one going for one type and the other another, each probably having many supporters among his friends. How have those different types been produced? There must be a history attaching. The best way of tracing history is tc. go back to the days when the animals were not in their present condition.
As to the earliest origin of the British breeds, there is considerable obscurity, and it is not necessary to deal with the subject here, because those breeds, comprising the long wools and short wools, alone would take more time. We have, however, to remember that this country a few centuries ago was mainly covered by vast forests and extensive heaths. The land under cropping was but small, as the population itself was small. Gradually the forests were cleared, and pastures formed: or fields cultivated. In a country of small holdings a few sheep may be kept, but little care is exercised to improve them. The small flocks do net warrant much expenditure. Sheep husbandry is associated with large farms and a considerable amount of capital. The improvement of breeds has certainly been so. Whilst the land was in forest, and while there was much commonage, the improvement of animals was little attended to, in fact, they mated by chance, and they required those features which the supply of food, the climate, and the soil as influencing the lair compelled. The sheep found in a district were indigenous to it, and were what the district earned and produced naturally. It was a striking fact that in their natural and unrestrained condition the breeds have a remarkable tendency to keep distinct and not mate with one another.
Until the middle of the last century there were a great number of what may be called the local breeds; the difference of the soil, climate and herbage of each locality maintaining breeds more or less varying in their characteristics. Where the conditions approximate over a large area the sheep differed but little, while with a divergency of circumstances greater variation was found. This was well represented until comparatively recent years by the allied, but yet breeds of distinct type found in Shropshire, where the Morfe Common, the Longmynde, the Kerry Hill, the Radnor Forest and other breeds were to be found as distinct types not inter-breeding in a small area, taking their characteristics largely from the circumstances in which they were placed, and retaining their distinctness until the Enclosures Act and the development of arable farming within this country led to their control, and breeders used their discretion as to how they should be mated to suit the altered conditions. What prevailed there was representative of many other districts throughout the country. In some districts where heavy and light land intermixed with great frequency, so that the herbage and lair were similar on small but continuous tracts, and particularly so where there was a considerable proportion of arable land, the sheep on these were veritable mongrels, and bad at that.^ This was particularly the case in those counties which were occupied to a considerable extent by the Oxford clays. The oolites are so diversified that they do not carry a distinct breed; and even now the sheep ihat do best on them is the Oxford Down, a composite breed made up of the Southdown and old Wiltshire Heath and the Cotswold. I well remember, within the last 10 years, an eld friend of mine, then over 80, who had been a successful breeder, describing the indigenous mongrel which he remembered inhabiting -״he county of Bedford in the early part of the century, as follows:—■“It was as ugly as a donkey and something like one; took four years to get meat on it and then wasn’t fat.''' He remembered this giving way by crossing with the old Leicester, which in its turn ״ave
NOTICE OF SALE.
THE LODGE, GHARTERIDGE, near CHESIIAM, BUCKS.
WM. R. NICHOLAS and CO
beg to announce that they have just SOLD by Private Treaty, the above Freehold Residential Property, having a total area of about 124 acres.
Auction Offices, Blagrave-street, Beading, and 60 Pali Mall, London, S.W.
־MESSRS.
ILL beg to
BIRMINGHAM.
GRIMLEY & SON, F.S.I.,
Auctioneers. Surveyors and Estate Agents.
NOTICE OF SALE.
HILLSIDE, CHOLMELEY-BOAD, BEADING.
MESSRS. WM. R. NICHOLAS and CO.
_LtJ_ beg to notify that they have now disposed of by Private Treaty the above desirable Freehold detached Residence, which they submitted by Auction a short time back.
Auction Offices, Blagrave-street, Reading, and 60, Pall Mall, London, S.W.
־ll/TESSRS.
XU. will Sell
Preliminary Notice.
GLENHAVEN, ELSTREE, HERTS.
Within three minutes of Elstree Station on Midland line.
WM. R NICHOLAS and CO. will Sell by Auction, shortly (unless previously sold privately), that delightful old-fashioned PROPERTY, known as Glenhaven, comprising the residence, together with lawns, kitchen garden, paddock and five large glasshouses.
Particulars of sale will be ready shortly, and all information obtained of the Auctioneers, Blagrave-street, Reading, and 60, Pall Mall, London, S.W.
Preliminary Notice.
THE UPPER LINH ESTATE, HURSTBOURNE, HANTS, situate in a favourite district between Basingstoke and Andover, and comprising a very choice farm of some 345 acres.
־M־ESSRS. WM. R NICHOLAS and OO.
-1-'X (in conjunction with Messrs. FREDERICK ELLEN and SON, of Andover) will Sell the above by Auction (unless previously sold privately), in One or more Lots, at the Mart, Tokenhouse-yard, London, E.C.
Particulars may shortly be obtained of the Auctioneers, Blagrave-street, Reading, and 60, Pall Mall London, S.W.
An important FREEHOLD PROPERTY, known as
Kings Lon Metal Works, Addeney-street, BIRMINGHAM.—To be Sold by Auction, by ]Vf ESSRS. GRIMLEY and SON, at the XTX Grand Hotel, Coimore-row, Birmingham, on 'ixi-ursday, March 9, 1899, at Seven o'clock to the mmuie, subject to conditions of sale incorporating the common form conditions of tbe Birmingham Law Society, the extensive MANUFACTURING PREMISES, covering an area of neany half an acre, forming a portion of the Kingston Metal Works, in Auderley-street, Birmmgnam, consisting of Roiling Mill, Offices, Warehouse, Workshops, and other premises, having an extensive frontage to the street; toge.hei with the Fixed and Loose Plant and Macninery, Office Fixtures, etc., which will be Sold in One Lot.
The woms were planned and designed for the purpose of a roiling mill and metal works, and are admirably arranged for economical working, but could readily be adapted to any other business requiring floor space, and the property has a great value as a building site.
Also a valuable Plot of FREEHOLD BUILDING LAND, adjacent to the above, containing about 597 square yards, and having a frontage to Adder-ley-street of about 21 yards.
Pians, particulars and schedules of the fixed plant and machinery are in course of preparation, and may be obtained, when ready, of C. Urquhari Fisher, Esq.,, solicitor, Bristol House, 19 and 20, Holborn Viaduct, London, E.G ; Messrs. Sanders and Parish, solicitors, 67, Colmore-row, Birmingham; or the Auctioneers, 39 and 40, Temple-street, Birmingham.
CHADLINGTON, OXFORDSHIRE, situate three miles
from Chari bury and four miies from Chipping
Norton Stations.
lyTESSRS. WM. R NICHOLAS and CO.
XTX have received instructions to Sell by Auction (unless previously disposed of privately), early in the Spring, the delightful FREEHOLD PROPERTY, known as The Cottage Chadlington It contains eight bed and dressing rooms, bath room, three reception rooms, large hall, and good domestic offices, etc.; capital stabling; the grounds are exceedingly picturesque, and include tennis lawn, well-stocked kitchen garden, with range of glasshouses, etc. Seven Cottages, small farmery, and paddocks, in all about 6| acres.
Further particulars will appear in due course, and may meanwhile be obtained of the Auctioneers, Blagrave-street, Reading, and 60, Pall Mall S W
A Paper read at ihe recent meeting of the East Sussex Farmers Club, by Mr. W. J. MaldeD.
DEVONSHIRE. MESSRS. HUSSEY & SON
(Established over a Century), Auctioneers, Estate Agents, Agricultural, Tenant-Right, Timber and other Valuers,
EXETER, DEVON.
Stock, Timber, and all Classes oi Sales and Valuations undertaken on Moderate Terms. Telephone : No. 21, Exeter.
SHEFFIELD, YORKSHIRE and DERBYSHIRE.
NICHOLSON, GREAVES, BARBER, and HASTINGS,
Estate & General Auction Mart,
2, HIGH STREET,
By direction of the City Council.—Digbeth Widening —Valuable FREEHOLD BUILDING LAND, having a frontage of 210ft. to Digbeth, and containing an area of 2,157 square yards or thereabouts; with the benefit of !a party road 16ft. wide in the rear from Allison-street, to he made at the expense of the vendors and maintained by the Corporation as a public way. Suitable for the erection of retail shops, warehouses, or manufacturing premises.—To be Sold by Auction (by direction of the City Council), by
]yfESSRS. GBIMLEY and SON, on Thurs-ILL day, March 9,1899, at the Grand Hotel, Colmore-row, Birmingham, at Seven o’clock to the minute, in the following or such other Lots as may be determined upon at the time of Sale.
Lot 1.—A valuable Piece of FREEHOLD B UILDING LAND, adjoining No. 135, Digbeth (with the erections now standing thereon, subject to their being removed or set back within three months of the date of Sale to the building line shown upon the Sale Plan), having a frontage of 16 yards, and containing in the whole 596 square yards or thereabouts.
Dot 2.—A Piece of FREEHOLD BUILDING LAND, adjoining Lot 1, having a frontage to Digbeth of 16 yards, and containing in the whole 602 square yards or thereabouts.
Lot 3.—A Piece of FREEHOLD BUILDING LAND, adjoining Lot 2, having a similar frontage, and containing in the whole 507 square yards or thereabouts.
Lot 4.—A Piece of FREEHOLD BUILDING LAND, adjoining Lot 3, having a frontage to Digbeth of 22 yards, and containing in the whole 452 square yards or thereabouts.
If desired, the above will be Offered in the first instance in One Lot.
The Auctioneers call especial attention to this sale, which affords an unusual opportunity of acquiring Freehold Land in the centre of the city fronting a main thoroughfare.
Plans and particulars are in course of preparation, and may be obtained when ready of E. Orford Smith, Esq., Town Clerk, Council House; or of the Auctioneers, 39 and 40, Temple-street, Birmingham.
To Brewers and Publicans.
WEST	END HOTEL, ECKINGTON.
—Excellent Old-established Fully-licensed Public-house, in the main thoroughfare.
To be Sold by Auction, by Messrs. NICHOLSON, GREAVES, BARBEii and HASTINGS, at the Sheffield Estate Auction Mart, No. 2, High-street, on Tuesday, March 7, 1899, at 4.30 p.m. precisely, subject to the General Conditions of Sale of the Sheffield Law Society and Special Conditions: —
All that Old-established, FULLY-LICENSED, Free PUBLIC-HOUSE, fronting to the main road at Eckington, and known as the West End Hotel, for many years in the occupation of Mrs. Moore, whose lease expires on June 25 next.
The house is well arranged, and contains bar parlour, tap room, smoke room, living room, and kitchen, with five rooms upstairs, and two good cellars. The outbuildings include large club room, stable, carriage and coal house, etc.
There is a capital trade attached to the house, and the vendor believes it is an increasing one. There is a coal pit near to the house.
The site contains 242 square yards, or thereabouts, and is Copyhold of the Manor of Eckington, having been allotted as such under the Eckington Enclosures Act.
For further particulars apply to the Auctioneers, 2, High-street; or to Wightman and Parker, solicitors, 25, Change Alley, Sheffield, and ?t Dronfield.
CORPORATION-STREET.
MOTOR CLUB BUILDINGS (close to the centre of the City).
rpo BE LET, these spacious Premises, the -L- accommodation of which is well adapted to meeet the requirements of a first-class Club, Temperance Hotel, or Public Institution.
The building is so arranged that it may be let off for residential purposes, and consists of a lofty entrance hall, with reception and cloak room on ground floor; steward’s rooms, dining rooms, billiard rooms, reading rooms, committee room, kitchen and scullery, bath room, lavatories, w.c., etc., on the upper floors, approached by a handsome staircase.
Apply, Messrs. Grimley and Son, estate agents and auctioneers, 39 and 40, Temple-street.
BROOMSPRING-LANE and HAVELOCK-STREET, SHEFFIELD.
־y^ALUABLE LEASEHOLD RESIDENCES.
To be Sold by Auction, by Messrs. NICHOLSON, GREAVES, BARBER and HASTINGS, at the Sheffield Estate Auction Mart, No. 2, Pigh-street, on Tuesday, March 7, 1899, at Four for 4.30 p.m. precisely, subject to Conditions of the Sheffield Law Society and Special Conditions: —
The TWO excellent BLOCKS of well-built DWELLING HOUSES, with gardens and palisades at front, and private back entrance, yard, and outbuildings to each, being Nos. 115 and 117, Broomspring-lane, and Nos. 2, 4, 6, 8 and 10, Havelock-street, in the occupation of Messrs. Reynolds, Williams, Slater, and others, at an annual rent of £145, including £28, the estimated rent of the house occupied by the owner.
The tenants pay their own rates.
Tbe property is in a first-class position for letting; there has been no change of tenancy or rent for some years, and the rental could be readily advanced.
The site contains 1.076 square yards, or thereabouts, and is heid on lease for 800 years from September,’ 1859, at an annual ground rent of £20 Is. 6d.
Any further particulars may be obtained from the Auctioneers. 2, High-street; or from Messrs. Watson, Esam and Barber, solicitors, Bank-street, Sheffield.
סיף BE SOLD.—ROCKBEARE, DEVON.—
X Highly desirable, compact, Grazing and Free-hold Dairy Farm, known as Upcott, consisting of 40 acres of excellent watered meadow, old pasture and productive orchard land, with a very convenient substantially built residence, and the necessary out-buildings, in a good state of repair.—For further particulars apply to Messrs. Hussey and Son, auc-tioneers, etc., 14, Queen-street, Exeter.
WOODBURY, DEVON.—Close to the rail-' » way station.—A well-situated Freehold Farm, known as Exton, comprising an excellent farmhouse and suitable premises, barn, stabling, cow houses, piggery, garden, and about 80 acres of pasture, orchard and arable land, the greater portion of which is well suited for building purposes, and has many eligible sites thereon. Freehold price £3,500, —For further particulars apply to Messrs. Hussey and Son., auctioneers, etc., 14, Queen-street, Exeter,
On Thursday, March 16, 1899.
Sale of a pleasantly situated FREEHOLD KESIDENCE, known as Tessal House, Northfield, with excellent stabling, glasshouses, man’s cottage, and paddock, containing a total area of 3a. 2r. 21p., or thereabouts.—To be Sold by Auction, by
MESSRS. GRIMLEY and SON, on Thurs-
-L'J- day, March 16, 1899, at the Grand Hotel, Col-more-row, Birmingham, at Seven o’clock to the minute: —
The well appointed modern Detached KESIDENCE, known -as Tessal House, Northfield, situate within twelve minutes' walk of the railway station, and about ■six miles from Birmingham.
The house, which is well built, and fitted with all modern conveniences, contains entrance hall with fireplace; dmmg room, 21ft. 6in. by 14ft., with bay window; drawing room overlooking lawn, 18ft. by 13ft., including bay; kitchen, fitted china pantry, scullery, dairy and cellar; six bed rooms (one now used as a billiard room), bath room, and w.c. There is a covered paved yard, carriage house with loft over, two-stall stable, harness room, and other out-offices.
The glasshouses include vinery, conservatory, and greenhouse.
The garden is well planted with choice fruit trees. There are an excellent orchard, paddock of grazing land, cow house for five cows, poultry house a timber-built house, and a potting shed.
The residence is set back from tbe road, with lawn and well-grown shrubs, and approached by a carriage drive.
The house may be seen on Mondays, Wednesdays and Saturdays, by card to view, to be obtained‘of the Auctioneers.
Plans and further particulars are in course of preparation, and may be obtained when ready from Mr. Alfred Pointon, solicitor, Temple-row; or from the Auctioneers, 39 and 40, Temple-street, Birmingham.	s
BOLSOVER-LANE, FIRTH-PARK.
J^ESIRABLE DWELLING HOUSES.
Messrs. NICHOLSON, GKEAVES, BAKBER and HASTINGS, at tbe Sheffield Estate Auction Mart, No. 2. High-street on Tuesday, March 7, 1899, at Four for 4 30 precisely subject to Conditions of the Sheffield Law Society and Special Conditions: —
Lot 1,—THREE bay-windowed HOUSES, with gardens and palisades at the front, and gardens and w.c. s at the back, being Nos. 97, 99 and 101, Bolsover-lane, Firth-park, Sheffield, in the occupation of Messrs Draper. Thompson and Mallinson, at an annual rent of £54 12s.
The site contains 525 square yards, and is held on lease for 800 years from March 25, 1898, at an annual ground rent of £5 6s.
Lot 2,—TWO bay-windowed HOUSES, with gardens a. Palisades at the front and gardens and w c.’s at the back, being Nos. 103 and 105, Bolsover-lane, in the occupation of Messrs. Wilson and Coldron at an annual rent of £36 8s.
The site contains 290 square yards, and is- held on lease for 800 years from March 25, 1898, at an annual ground rent of £3.
Any further information may be obtained from the Auctioneers, 2. High-street; or from Messrs.
Esam and Barber, solicitors. Bank-street,
feneffield.
_״״ William Fenton, deceased.
HOPE COTTAGE, SURBITON-STREET BROUGHTON-LANE.
!EXCELLENT FREEHOLD HOUSE AND
־Ur	LAND.
.Ie ®0Id bv Auction., bv Messrs. NICHOLSON AJïS; B£EB?R and HASTINGS, at the Sheffield Estate Auction Mart, No. 2, High-street on Tuesday, March 14, 1899 at Four o’clock for Half-
SbeffiSdUinPre־C1SçIï’ subJect to Conditions of the Sheffield Law Society and special conditions■ —
The brick-built DWELLING HOUSE, with worktops and outbuildings, together with the Plot of Vacant Land, being No. 11, Surbiton-street, Brou»h-ton-lane, in the occupation of Mr. Edmund Taylor at an annual rent of £12 7s.	y
ft.1*) site is Freehold and contains 962 square vards thereabouts, and there is ample space for the °u f°ur dwellm״ houses, leaving cartway could6 beat?rec״edre a range °f Stablin® °r workshops
Auctk>nM^seI2׳|>aHi^ilstree?1:a3or)efroiif’Arthim>INeaie solicitor, Figtree-lane, Sheffield.	’