SHARRISBURG!
Kingston TVIe eh aìucsburg
Con-&c
Principal Roads
Rail Roads-----
Canals--------
־Jorlc HaVenj:
Oakville■,׳
Sliippens <i|urg
Heidteréiburg
>r0Co?״,‘'■
jtbpottstbwn.
^Hanover
vjimelion.
Gettysburg;1 \\
Bonnauglxtowf
׳jianover.
/Greencastl(?
~Wayi i e s/l) or </u 11•״ ;
׳..׳West
'¿Manliftinu /׳
Littleslo-wn
Loiter sburgJ.1
’arlcton.

\Me.i:hanica <s <, ־¿...town	, Y־״
Hampstead.
IVesuninster■
,.Monlct
'
־VÌVtoanii'|è0Y
;UppercoN
■\YoodsboroTigiv'
I Yiòòdens'irarg/
>	aa
;	9sM
¿Mi (Idle to1«

n]ock^Y׳svill0
’}YmfielcL
■’!?reècLom*•
\Pike sville
Tow s on-town/
^Jai-ket
Svlce svili(-.
.fejfekeysto\vni^>...'•iJrliana.^
J$^"״Slb* / 7? /
;•1,/¿UP1־—X ¿S'?	Damascus
/ V’Hrlcsbiirg ''■BnVnesvillc ...... \g«
‘SciirfT IBe'allsY’ille	׳^liiidlebiiooic
i.Coo’ksS’ill e
Lisbon;׳
^.......JgicottCit£i%~■’..................
V¡, ־elargii
U
/ /0^־W^te־ /	^־־ ' •
v./	Y /Annapolis—-
.Juuetion\־r<,-. ־~
C..K ill fe r •si » ) rg-
BA.iY|;|lysTY if... pòdl-.e.svxlle'•
gJp;H\c*Ws CA* I.cesbli!•
IibrnefHtcrwn
ic5'".־' Rockville (

<tt״/
Ssiloi״.
ANNAPOLIS־
^^NppBladensbtirg
,MGTON
iUexafid;■].
MAP OF THE GETTYSBURG CAMPAIGN.
ingthe 147th. New York, its gallant major, Harney, held that regiment to its position until, having lost half its numbers, the order to retire was repeated. Hall’s battery was now imperiled, and it withdrew by sections, fighting at close canister range and suffering severely. Fowler thereupon changed his front to face Davis’s brigade, which held the cut, and with Dawes’s 6th "Wisconsin — sent by Doubleday to aid the 147th New York — charged and drove Davis from the field. The Confederate brigade suffered severely, losing all its field-officers but two, and a large proportion of its men killed and captured, beiug disabled for further effective service that day. In the mean time Archer’s Confederate
hastened toward Gettysburg with Wadsworth’s small division (two brigades, Meredith’s and Cutler’s), and Hall’s 2d Maine bat tery. As he approached he heard the sound of a battle, and directing the troops to cross the fields toward the firing, galloped himself to the seminary, met Buford there, and both rode to the front, where the cavalry, dismounted, were gallantly holding their ground against heavy odds. After viewing the field, he sent back to hasten up Howard, and as the enemy’s main line was now advancing to the attack, directed Doubleday, who had arrived in advance of his division, to look to the Fairfield road, sent Cutler with three of his five regiments north of the railroad cut, posted the other two under Colonel Fowler, of the 14th New York, south of the pike, and replaced Calef’s battery by Hall’s, thus relieving the cavalry. Cutler’s line was hardly formed when it was struck by Davis’s Confederate brigade on its front and right flank, whereupon Wadsworth, to save it, ordered it to fall back to Seminary Ridge. This order not reach-
BUFORD’S CAVALRY OFPOSING IHF. CONFEDERATE ADVANCE UPON GETTYSBURG.
four miles from Gettysburg, to await orders. But Meade, while conforming to the current of Lee’s movement, was not merely drifting. The same afternoon he directed the chiefs of engineers and artillery to select a field of battle on which his army might be concentrated, whatever Lee s lines of approach, whether by Harrisburg or Gettysburg, — indicating the general line of Pike Creek as a suitable locality. Carefully drawn instructions were sent to the corps commanders as to the occupation of this line should it be ordered; but it was added that developments might cause the offensive to be assumed from present positions. These orders were afterward cited as indicating General Meade’s intention not to fight at Gettysburg. They were, under any circumstances, wise and proper orders, and it would probably have been better had he concentrated his army behind Pike Creek rather than at Gettysburg ; but events finally controlled the actions of both leaders.
At 8 A. M., July 1st, Buford’s scouts reported Heth’s advance on the Cashtown road, when Gamble’s brigade formed on McPherson’s Ridge, from the Fairfield road to the railroad cut; one section of Calef’s Battery A, 2d United States, near the left of his line, the other two across the Chambersburg or Cashtown pike. Devin formed his disposable squadrons from Gamble’s right toward Oak Hill, from which he had afterward to transfer them to the north of the town to meet Ewell. As ITeth advanced, he threw Archer’s brigade to the right, Davis’s to the left of the Cashtown pike, with Pettigrew’s and Broekenbrough’s brigades in support. The Confederates advanced, skirmishing heavily with Buford’s dismounted troopers. Calef’s battery, engaging double the number of its own guns, was served with an efficiency worthy of its former reputation as “Duncan’s battery” in the Mexican war, and so enabled the cavalry to hold their long line for two hours. When Buford’s report of the enemy’s advance THE	reached Reynolds, the latter, order-
ing Donbleday and Howard to follow,
THE FIRST DAY AT GETTYSBURG.
BY HENRY J. HUNT, BREVET MAJOR-GENERAL, U. S. A.
Chief of artillery of the Army of the Potomac at the Battle of Gettysburg.
. . . Onthenightof June30th Meade’s headquarters and the Artillery Reserve were at Taneytown ; the First Corps at Marsh Run, the Eleventh at Emmitsburg, Third at Bridgeport, Twelfth at Lit-tlestown, Second at Uniontown, Fifth at Union Mills, Sixth and Gregg’s cavalry at Manchester, Kilpatrick’s at Hanover. . . . Lee’s whole army was nearing Gettysburg, while Meade’s was scattered over a wide region to the east and south of that town.
Meade was now convinced that all designs on the Susquehanna had been abandoned; but as Lee’s corps were reported as occupying the country from Chambersburg to Carlisle, he ordered, for the next day’s moves, the First and Eleventh corps to Gettysburg under Reynolds, the Third to Emmitsburg, the Second to Taneytown, the Fifth to Hanover, and the Twelfth to Two Taverns, directing Slocum to take command of the Fifth in addition to his own. The Sixth Corps was left at Manchester, thirty-
GENERAL LEE’S HEADQUARTERS ON CHAMBERSBURG PIKE.