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OUTLINE MAP OF THE CAMPAIGN.
LEE’S CAMPAIGN AGAINST POPE AND THE SECOND
BULL RUN.
NARRATIVE OP EVENTS.
Northward was the Rapidan River, several miles distant. Farther on, at Culpeper Court House, was the army of Pope, and farther still was the Rappahannock River. . . .
Realizing the situation, General Lee determined on speedy work, and gave orders that his army should cross the Rapidan on the 18th and make battle. He was exceedingly anxious to move at once, before Pope could get reinforcements. For some reason not fully explained, our movements were delayed and we did not cross the Rapidan until the 20th. In the mean time a despatch to General Stuart was captured by Pope, which gave information of our presence and contemplated ad-
General Lee sent Stonewall Jackson to Gordons-ville, while I remained near Richmond to engage McClellan in case he should attempt an advance upon the Confederate capital. Jackson had his own division and that of General R. S. Ewell, and later A. P. Hill was sent to reinforce him. McDowell was already in cooperation with Pope, part of his command, however, being still at Fredericksburg. On the 9th of August Jackson encountered the enemy near Slaughter or Cedar Mountain. There the battle of Cedar Run was fought and the Federáis were repulsed. . . .
At that time General Lee was feeling very certain that Richmond was in no immediate danger from an advance by McClellan’s forces. He therefore began at once preparations for a vigorous campaign against Pope. Divisions under Generals R. H. Anderson, Lafayette McLaws, J.
G. Walker, and D. H. Hill were left? to watch McClellan, with instructions to follow the main body of the army as soon as the Federáis were drawn away from Westover.
On the 13th of August my command was ordered to Gordonsville, and General Lee accompanied me there.
Jackson’s troops were stationed on the left of the Orange and Alexandria Railroad, and I went into camp on the right of Gordonsville.
127
the Rappahannock toward Gordonsville. Lee despatched Stonewall Jackson with three divisions to meet Pope. On August 9 Jackson fought Bank’s isolated corps at Cedar Mountain, in the angle between the Rapidan and Rappahannock rivers, and then, although victorious in the battle, retired south of the Rapidan, Pope following him with his entire army until he reached the north bank of that stream. On the 13th Lee marched from Richmond with Longstreet’s command and Stuart’s cavalry to reinforce Jackson. Finding his troops outnumbered, Pope retreated behind the Rappahannock (Aug. 20). From this point, the narratives of the movements of Lee and Pope preliminary to the second battle of Bull Run will be found in General Longstreet’s article, “ Our March Against Pope.” Between the 20th and 27th of August the several corps of McClellan’s army were transferred from the James River to Alexandria and Acquia Creek — the last named a landing on the Potomac convenient to the left flank of Pope’s army. About the same time Burnside’s Corps (the Ninth), from North Carolina, joined Pope, and to that corps was added later, the Kanawha Division, a reinforcement from Western Virginia, under Gen. J. D. Cox.
Contemporaneously with our operations on the Chiekahominy, the Washington authorities had been organizing the Army of Virginia of three efficient corps d’armée ; and, continuing the search for a young Napoleon, had assigned General Pope, fresh from the West, with his new laurels, to command this select organization. This army, under its dashing leader, was at the same time moving toward Richmond by the Orange and Alexandria Railway, so that our move by the left had also in view the Army of Virginia, as the first obstacle in the way of relief to Richmond — an obstacle to be removed, if possible, before it could be greatly reinforced from other commands. . . .
With the double purpose of drawing McClellan away from Westover, and of checking the advance of the new enemy then approaching from Washington by the Orange and Alexandria Railroad,
On tlie 27th of June, 1862, General John Pope, after the capture of New Madrid and Island Number Ten, was transferred from the command of the Army of the Mississippi, to the newly constituted Army of Virginia. That army was composed of the detached corps of Fremont, Banks, and McDowell, stationed in Northern Virginia. Two days later, Fremont was superseded by Sigel. Banks and Sigel moved from the Shenandoah Valley to the Rappahannock line, where McDowell was already encamped. During July, while Pope was engaged in concentrating his forces along the Rappahannock, McClellan’s army lay on the James River, and Lee’s occupied the defensive lines of Richmond. Meanwhile, on July 11, Gen. H. W. Halleok was transferred from the command of the Western Department, and appointed General-in-chief of the United States forces. Thereafter, until he was superseded by Grant, in March, 1864, he directed the movement of all the armies in the field. At the close of July Halleck planned the withdrawal of McClellan’s army from the Peninsula, and its union with that of Pope on the Rappahannock line. In order to facilitate the removal of these forces from Lee’s front, Pope was Instructed to manccuver with his army beyond
OUR MARCH AGAINST POPE.
BY JAMES LONGSTREET, LIEUTENANT-GENERAL, C. S. A.
Commander of the right wing of Lee’s army at the Second Battle of Bull Run.
... By the Seven Days’ fighting around Richmond General Lee frustrated McClellan’s plans for a siege. At the end of that campaign Lee retired to Richmond, and McClellan withdrew his forces to Westover Landing, where intrenehments and gun-boats made him secure from attack. As his new position, thus guarded and protected by the navy, was not assailable, General Lee, resuming the defensive at Richmond, resolved to strike out by his left in the direction of Washington, with the idea that the Army of the Potomac might be forced to abandon the James River, in defense of its own capital, threatened by this move.
LONGSTBEET’S MARCH THROUGH THOROUGHFARE GAP,