878 THE COLLIERY GUARDIAN October 25, 1918. means the steam contained in the gas entering, for example, at the lowest part of a vertical condenser on rising condenses, and, naturally, more and more ammonia will be absorbed as the gases ascend. This condensate, falling down the condenser together with the condensed tar, come into contact with the hotter regions below, and thus again gives off the absorbed ammonia, while the condensed steam itself will not be materially vaporised owing to the fact that the gas is maintained at its dew- point. Any ammonia remaining in the hot condensate may be driven off by any suitable means and returned to the gas entering the condenser. Part of the condensate leav- ing the condensers may be used as make-up water in the dust washer. As apparatus for carrying out this process a number of superimposed tubular condensers may be used. Between the tube plates of each two tubular con- densers a free space may be provided for mixing the gases and vapours passing through the tubes. The gas passes upwards through the tubes, whereas the space outside the tubes is fed with cooling water. In order to recover the heat communicated by the gas to the cooling water and to saturate the air, the air blast on its way to the producer may be passed through the space’s between the tubes, z.e., around the tubes through which the gas passes. The cooling water being supplied in the form of liquid films surrounding said tubes inside which the gas passes, the air blast on its way to the producer thus comes into intimate contact with the water films, resulting in an efficient heat interchange and saturation of the blast. Instead of tubular condensers, any other kind of condensers may be used. The heat interchange may also be carried out in an apparatus separate from the condenser. Practically all the ammonia contained in the products leaving the producer remains in the cooled cleaned gas leaving the condenser. This gas may be passed through centrifugal or other tar separators to remove the last traces of tar, and thence directly into an ammonia absorber and neutral- ised in the cold with any acid, including the unstable acids. (Eight claims.) 119058. Haulage, Gear. G. J. F. Black, Trent View, 182, Newton-road, Burton-on-Trent.—This invention has reference to haulage gear designed more particularly for underground work in mines. The objects of this inven- tion are to provide a self-contained compressed air, steam or electrically driven haulage gear which will be light in weight and small in bulk so as to be readily transported below ground, and in which the mechanism and moving parts will be protected against roof falls and undue wear, and will be so arranged as to prevent any entanglement of rope or ropes with the said moving parts. The mechanism and moving parts of the haulage gear are constructed and combined together, and with the excep- tion of the winding drum or winding drums (or the C pulley or C pulleys for endless rope haulage) are all enclosed in strong cast iron or other metal casings which protect them against roof falls, and also protect the wearing parts from grit. That is to say, the driving friction clutch is arranged inside the driving gear wheel, and the latter is entirely enclosed in said cast iron or other strong metal casing fixed to the haulage gear frame, which also encloses the other gearing from the motor, and the brake is also enclosed inside the winding drum or C pulley (or where there are two or more winding drums or C pulleys a brake is arranged and en- closed in each of them), so that, with the ex- ception of the hand lever for applying the brake, all the parts of the brake are in the drum. Thus there is no possibility of any entanglement of the rope or ropes with the moving parts. Moreover, the life of the moving parts is extended by their running in oil enclosed in the casing or other enclosed parts -of the haulage gear. More- over, the motor or motors by which the winding drum or winding drums or the C pulley or C pulleys is or are driven is or are so constructed and arranged as to each form a self-container enclosed unit which can, if required, be quickly removed from the frame of the haulage gear and be quickly replaced by a duplicate. (Nine claims.) 119059. Chucks or Drill Caps for Percussive Rock Drills, Etc. R. E. Ellacott, 27, Everton-road, Sheffield.— This invention relates to chucks or drill caps for per- cussive rock drills, hammer picks and like percussive machines of the type in which the drill steel may be in- serted in and removed from the machine without having also to loosen any part or remove the chuck, and consists in an improved formation and construction of a chuck or drill cap with sliding elliptical jaws co-operating with a tapering mouthpiece so that the drill steel or pick can be readily removed when required, but is firmly held when it is desired to withdraw the said steel or pick from the hole being drilled or punched. Further, the parts of the chuck subjected to the greatest amount of wear {i.e., the two jaws) can be readily renewed without having to replace the whole chuck or drill cap. (Four claims.) 119083. Apparatus for Driving Tunnels, Headings, etc. W. Lindley, Holly Dene, Coalville, Leicestershire.—This invention relates to improvements in apparatus for driving tunnels, headings and the like. This type of apparatus is that in which an upright framing is adapted to be introduced into the tunnel or heading and to be jammed therein, preferably by set screw devices, between the floor and the roof and between the two sides. Such frames carry drill guiding or supporting brackets, and lend them- selves very efficiently to the accurate dispositioning of shot holes to be drilled in the face of the heading. In shaft sinking, frames have been lowered into the shaft fitted with extensible arms capable of a coarse adjustment and of a subsequent fine adjustment for jamming against the wall of the shaft. According to this invention the apparatus consists of an adjustable frame adapted to carry brackets for mounting or guiding the drills, and com- prising a lower frame part and an upper frame part verti- cally extensible from lower frame part and extensible lateral members adapted to be mounted on the vertical frame members, all these extensible frame parts being capable of coarse adjustment so that the frame can be made to approximately fit the tunnel, heading or the like, the frame being finally jammed between the floor and roof and between the sides of the heading by means of fine adjustment devices such as set screw devices. The vertical members of the frame are connected together, for instance, by inextensible members which may be hori- zontal or diagonal, or a combination of diagonal and horizontal members may be employed, and the vertical members are preferably made telescopic. The members of the frame connecting the vertical members are furnished with adjustable centring devices to temporarily jam the frame between the roof and the floor in such manner that the frame can be turned about such centres. The vertical members are furthermore provided with adjust- able means, such as set screws, for finally jamming them between the roof and the floor. A central frame member connecting the vertical frame members is provided with a pivotal mounting for a frame adapted to be rotated on an axis coinciding with or parallel to the major axis of the heading, and to have clamped thereon means for sup- porting a drill or drills. The rotatable frame is prefer- ably made telescopic at its opposite ends so as to permit of varying its radial length. In order to ensure that the heading or tunnel shall be driven in the proper direction in relation to the vertical plane, the frame is conveniently provided with suitable levelling or indicating means, and preferably with a plumb bob and adjustable indicating rods of different lengths adapted to be temporarily fixed in predetermined positions on the frame to indicate the angles for setting the frame in proper relation to the direc- tion in which the heading is to be driven. The frame is also preferably furnished with indicating means and a scale or scales in connection with the central rotatable frame for indicating the proper positions or distances apart and around the centre of the rotatable frame of the drills mounted thereon. The members of the apparatus are con- veniently all hollow, and one of them suitably serves as a receiver for compressed air for driving the drills, and is provided with coupling means for connecting a hose thereto, such hose being of relatively large cross section and connected to the compressed air main. The said receiver is also provided with coupling means for connect- ing short lengths of smaller hose for supplying the drills, thereby greatly reducing the length bf small hose used, and which hitherto has had to be sufficiently long to be con- nected to the air main some distance to the rear of the face of the heading. Finally, one or more of the tele- scopic members serves as a receiver for water under pres- sure to supply jets of water for washing out the holes being drilled. This is conveniently effected by providing a large hose connection on the receiver for the supply of water under pressure to the receiver and smaller hose connection for supplying the water from the receiver to suitable means mounted on the drilling machines or the drilling machine brackets. (Twelve claims.) 119090. Pumps. N. W. Thompson, 6019, Hillegass Avenue, Oakland, Alameda, California.—This invention relates to pumps of that kind in which a hydraulic rod or column is employed to alternately draw in and expel the liquid to be pumped, and in which the said column acts .as intermediary between the mechanical pump proper and the said liquid, chiefly for the purpose of preventing the mechanical pump becoming overheated,'such pumps being especially designed to pump hot oil. The invention relates more particularly to the arrangement of the valves through which the hot oil or other liquid is drawn and expelled, a distinctive feature being that the valve through which the liquid is drawn and ejected are positioned higher than part of the tube containing the liquid column, so that the said tube is inclined upwardly. The invention also includes other arrangements whereby the pressure chambers and the suction chambers may be in manifold. In the process of refining petroleum oils, it is found that if the oil is forced through suitable apparatus at temperatures of 600 degs. Fahr, or more, and at high pressures, that certain important changes can be made in the character of the oil. It is, however, difficult to maintain packing under pressure at this temperature, and ordinary piston or plunger pumps cannot be maintained in service for any length of time under these conditions. It is for this par- ticular service that this invention is mainly intended, but it obviously can be applied to many other analogous uses. (Five claims.) HEW PATENTS CONNECTED WITH THE COAL AND IRON TRADES. Applications for Patents. [Note.—Applications arranged alphabetically under the names of the applicants (communicators in parentheses). A new number will be given on acceptance, which will replace the application number.] October 14 to 19 {inclusive). Bibb, D. H. Process for manufacture of briquettes. (16809) Bibb, D. H. Briquette moulding machine. (16810) British Thomson-Houston Company (General Electric Company). Systems of electric motor control. (16918) British Westinghouse Electric and Manufacturing Com- pany. Alternating current dynamo-electric machines. (16996) Bullock, P. W. Rotary pumps. (16/52) Burdick, C. L. Engine or prime mover. (17096) Candlot, C. Apparatus for electro-magnetically controll- ing jigging conveyors. (16850) Clayton, W. S. Incline indicators. (17059) Corlett, W. H. Reversible rotary engines and turbines. (16877) Craven, E. S. Rope clips. (16952) Duncan, H. G. Internal combustion engines of the two- cycle type. (17073) Fletcher, G. H. Alternating current dynamo-electric machines. (16996) Forbes, J. W. Self-releasing safety hook. (16931) Frame, W. J. Centrifugal pumps, etc. (17074) Griffith, R. Coupling for wire hauling and hoisting ropes, cables, etc. (16694) Handley, G. Rotary pumps. (16752) Harvey, E. W., and Harvey Gas Furnace Company, E. W. Regenerative or recuperative gas furnaces for heating or melting metals. (17068) Hiragi, T. Inward flow turbines. (17033) Hudson, T. Upright boiler. (16957) Joubert, L. Furnaces. (17124) Kirpotschinikff, V., and Klasson, R. Process for utilisa- tion of peat as fuel, and apparatus therefor. (17125) Lane, W. E. Boilers. (16853) Law, E. A. Internal combustion engines. (16933) Leendertz, P. K. Process for briquetting refuse. (16826) Loos. R. Rope clamps. (16907) May, F. M. Coal cakes, and process of manufacturing same. (17003) Morison, D. B. Condensing plant. (16818) Petters Limited. Internal combustion engines of the two- cycle type. (17073) Phorson, P. R. G. Holders for pneumatic hammers. (16832) Pike, R. D. Magnesite refractories. (16742) Pratt, F. Safety appliances for mine cages, hoists, etc, (16966) Rapson, F. L. Internal combustion engines. (16743, (16744) Smith, C. G. Internal combustion engines of the rotary type. (16790) Soc. de Chimie et Catalyse Industrielles. Production of rich gases by means of petroleum residues. (16820) Stanfield, J. R. M. Internal combustion engines. (16926) (Stanley,' R. W.) Electric controllers. (16819) Steiger, A. and W. Gas-fired shaft kilns for burning or roasting non-sintering substances. (16758) Trante, W. Internal combustion engines. (16771) Tuckett, F. S. Coal hoists, etc. (17056) Weir, J. Means for depositing protecting coating on in- side of tubes of surface condensers, etc. (16800) Whitehead, J. Reversible rotary engines and turbines. (16877) Widdop, H. Internal combustion engines. (16863) Willock, Reed and Company. Safety device for pneumatic tools. (17111) Wise, W. P. Tanks or receptacles for holding liquid fuel, etc. (16986) Complete Specifications Accepted. {To be published on November 7.) [Note.—The number following the application is that which the specification will finally bear.] 1917. 14031. Aiton, J. A. Gas generators. (119676) 14451. Submersible and J-L Motors Limited, and Durn- ford, C. W. Dynamo-electric machines. (119683) 14617. Morriss, H. E., and Harvey, Frost and Company. Liquid fuel burners. (119692) 14725. Pearse, A. L. Distillation of carbonisable mate- rials. (119700) 14850. Chinese-American Company. Device for producing combustible gases. (111102) 15284. Roberton, J. Charging and . discharging of re- torts for the distillation of coal, shale or the like. (119715) 15396. Glover, S., West, J., and West’s Gas Improvement Company. Gas producers. (119723) 1918 309. Portham, R. S., and Dornan, J. Water tube boilers, and superheaters therefor. (119770) 1272. Pieters, J. Apparatus for charging vertical retorts or ovens. (113435) 1273. Pieters, J. Apparatus for discharging coke or the like. (113436) 4107. Zabriskie, W. Rotary engines. (119807) 4125. Sterling Telephone and Electric Company, Bell, F. G., and Davey, W. C. Cancelling mechanism for mine signalling systems. (119808) 6376. Rees, J., and South Durham Steel and Iron Com- pany. Gas or air ports for regenerative fur- naces. (119826) 6935. British Westinghouse Electric and Manufacturing Company. Apparatus for conserving heat in steam-condensing and feedwater-heating plant. (115631) 8539. Grange Iron Company and Hoyle, H. P. Appara- tus for washing coal or the like, and for separating it from its impurities. (119835) Complete Specification open to Public Inspection before Acceptance. [Note.—The number following the application is that which the specification will finally bear.] 1918. 16304. Palmer, C. S. Processes of and apparatus for making natural gas substitute. (119874) GOVERNMENT PUBLICATIONS. %* Any of the following publications may be obtained on application at this office at the price named post free. Colonial Reports—Annual—No. 964 : Seychelles—Report for 1917, price 2d. No. 966: Fiji—Report for 1917, price 2d. No: 967: British Solomon Islands—Report for 1917- 1918, price 2d. (London: Published by H.M.S.O.) PUBLICATIONS RECEIVED. The Syren and Shipping International Mercantile Diary and Year Book, 1919, edited by A. M. Pooley, B.A. published by Syren and Shipping Limited, 91 and 93, Leadenhall-street, London, E.C. 3), price 5s. net; Mine Safety Appliances Bulletin G 104, The Giles Oxygen Breathing Apparatus (Mine Safety Appliances Company, Pittsburg, Penn.); The Journal of the Chemical, Metal- lurgical and Mining Society of South Africa (Vol. 19, No. 2), August 191.8, single copies 3s.; The Journal of the South African Institution of Engineers (Vol. 17, No. 2), September 1918, single copies 2s.; Compressed Air Magazine (Vol. 23, No. 9), September 1918; Smith- sonian Institution, United States National Museum : Bulletin 102, Part 6, The Mineral Industries of the United States—Petroleum, A Resource Interpretation, by C. S. Gilbert and J. E. Pogue; Canadian Geological Survey, Department of Mines : Museum Bulletin No. 27, Contributions to the Mineralogy of Black Lake Area, Quebec, by Eugene Poitevin and R. P. D. Graham; Memoir 103, Timiskaming County, Quebec, by M. E. Wilson; Institution of Engineers—The Value of the Indentation Method in the Determination of Hardness, by R. G. C. Batson; The Ludwik Hardness Test, by W. C. Unwin; A Law Governing the Resistance to Penetration of Metals when Tested by Impact with a 10 m.m.* Steel Ball; and a New Hardness Scale in Energy Units, by Prof. C. A. Edwards and F. W. Willis. Pulverised Coal Systems in America.—Mr. Leonard C. Harvey has returned from the United States after having carried out for the Director of Fuel Research a full in- vestigation into the application of pulverised coal for metallurgical and general industrial purposes. The infor- mation will be issued in the form of a report by the Depart- ment of Scientific and Industrial Research at an early date. A paper on the same subject will be read before the Iron and Steel Institute by Mr. Harvey in the near future. Coal and Lighting Economies.—A lighting economy of 25 to 50 per cent, is being effected in the Houses of Parliament by the introduction of low candle power lamps. Many camps are using wood instead of coal. The Coal Controller has informed the Board of Education that he has decided that on principle it is not desirable to reduce the consumption of fuel and lighting in public elementary schools in such a way as to impair a reason- able measure of comfort and efficiency. It is important, however, that extravagance should be checked, and a maximum of 3 cwt. per scholar has been fixed. This allowance is devised to meet the case of large schools where rooms for special purposes are used in addition to the class-rooms. In ordinary cases an allowance of 1 cwt. or 1± cwt. per head is considered ample. Special arrange- ments will be made for boarding schools.