January 26, 1917. THE COLLIERY GUARDIAN. 193 ABSTRACTS OF PATENT SPECIFICATIONS RECENTLY ACCEPTED. 17584 (1915). Improvements in Perchlorate. Explosives. Stockholms Superfosfat Pabriks Aktiebolag, of Kornhamn- storg 4, Stockholm, Sweden.—Consists in a method of manu- facturing explosives, which contain perchlorates, especially ammonium perchlorates, as. oxygen carriers, in order to render the said explosives insensitive to shocks. This is made possible by exposing the explosives to. a pressure of at least 300 to 1,800 kilogs. per sq. cm, in-order thereby . adjust the sensitiveness to shocks and the specific gravity to the degree suitable for each case. (Two claims.) 17592 (1915). Improvements in Compressors. The British Thomson-Houston Company Limited, of 83, Cannon-street, London, E.C. (Communication from the General Electric Company, of Schenectady, County of Schenectady, New York, U.S.A.) — Relates to compressors, and has for its object to provide an improved structure in a compressor of the reciprocating type, the improvements being particularly applicable to compressors intended to handle large volumes at low pressures. The drawing is a vertical section through the compressor structure of an internal combustion'engine. 10 indicates a crank case, and 11 indicates a crank shaft supported in suitable bearings 11®. Mounted on the crank case is the annular wall 12, which forms the outer cylinder wall of the scavenging pump, and surrounding the wall 12 is a wall 13, which defines an admission chamber 14, and a wall 15, which defines a discharge chamber 16. The admission chamber 14 communicates with the atmosphere or other source of supply by way of conduit 17, which extends across . the chamber 16, and has a suitable screen 18 at its mouth. The chamber 16 communicates with the storage, air chamber which surrounds the cylinder of the engine by way of passage 19. The pump is double- acting, 20 and 21 indi- cating two, sets of ad- mission openings in the outer cylinder wall 12, and 22 and 23 two sets of discharge' openings. 24 indicates the cylin- der structure for the two stages of the com- pressor, it being mounted on cylinder wall 12, and 25 and 26 indicate the pistons. The piston 25 is of the trunk type, and the pis- ton 26 .is. formed inte- . gral with it. 27 is -a connecting rod connect- ing these pistons to a crank 28 on the crank shaft 11. Surrounding the connecting rod, and having a sliding fit with the inner surface of the trunk piston is an inner cylinder wall 29, which, with the outer wall 12, defines an annular cylinder 30 for the scavenging pump. Integral with the lower edge of trunk piston 25 is a flange 31, which constitutes the piston of the scavenging pump, the wall 32, which is a part of the compressor cylinder structure 24, and the wall 33, formed integral with the inner cylinder wall 29, constituting the heads of the cylinder. Between the piston 31 and wall 12 is a sleeve valve 34, which controls the admission of air or other substance to and from the cylinder 30’. It is preferably integral with the head 33 and inner cylinder , wall 29, and connected by rods 35 to eccen- trics .36 on the crank shaft. The sleeve valve has two sets of ports, 37 and 38, which co-operate with the ports 20, 22 and 21, 23 respectively. 39, 40, 41, and 42 indicate -suit- able packings. 43 and 44 indicate the cylinder and piston of a compressor, operated from the crank shaft IT, and provided with air from the discharge side of the scavenging pump,by way of passage 45. (Three claims.) 101640. Improvements in Gas Producers. P. A. J. Cousin, of 84, Rue Faidherbe, Loos-lez-Lille (Nord), France. —Relates, to gas producers, particularly of the type in which the blast distributor is furnished with submerged blast outlets (Patent No. 23256 of 1912)’. The drawing' is a side sec- tional elevation. • The producer chamber a is made of rectangular cross section, as is also the ash pit e, the water seal being formed by a metal, part c, which dips into the water in the ash pit. The removal of the clinker is effected only along the front wall 6 of the ash pit, within which the the longitudinal fissure p. d is a travelling, housing having a hood e and a flue pipe f, through which the gases are with- drawn. The housing travels from one coke oven to another, and is provided with steam pipes g, g1. h are removable //■_ /s .1 77 /J - L/jy H a 9 9 d iMl a 102651. Improvements in Reinforced Concrete Linings for Mine Shafts, Tunnels, etc. G. Damry, of 22, Copley-road, Doncaster, Yorkshire.—Relates to reinforced concrete linings for mine shafts, tunnels, etc., of the kind in which there is empxoyed a. metal reinforcement comprising inner and outer frameworks connected by means of metallic lattice or trellis work. Fig. 1 is a vertical section; fig. 2, a horizontal, sec- tion showing the outer framework of the reinforcement sup- porting a temporary lining within a mine shaft; fig. 3 is a fragmental perspective view showing the members, which form the lattice work, attached to the outer framework of the reinforcement, a a de- note'rods or bars which dur- ’ plates forming a loose separation between, the housing and the mass of coke. The processes as follows :—As the ram b expels the mass of coke c from the coke oven into and through the housing d, the coke passes slowly between the pipes g, g1, which are provided with a narrow -slit or with a correspond- ing series of nozzles at the side facing the coke, so that the latter passes between two streams of steam, which .act upon both surfaces of the mass. The direction of the steam is preferably horizontal. The f gases are withdrawn with the aid of the hood e and the flue f as described. (Three claims.) 102259. Improvements in Apparatus for Removing Scale from Boiler and other .Tubes. Compagnie .Generale de Detartrage des Chaudieres. et Con- duites d’Eau, of 28, Rue de Lyon, Algiers.—Relates to . improvements in apparatus for removing scale ) from boiler or other tubes,1 and com-' —I—, prises a rotary scraper of ’ smaller diameter than that of the tube to be cleaned, a spring or springs to hold the scraper in'contact with the inside of the tube, and V-shaped, annular,, or helicoidal teeth oh the.' scraper,- formed with one face normal to the axis of the scraper, - and the other face inclined thereto. 1 Fig. 1-is a longitudinal elevation, partly . in ,section; and fig.-2 is : a-plan,' the right-hand half being in section on Line A—B. 1 .are scrapers mounted loose on spindles 2, - pressed, out- wardiv into engagement with the . tube by springs 3, which are suit- ably compressed and arranged; in discs 4 and 5 of the scraper carrier. If a movement of rotation is imparted to the apparatus in the interior of the tube to be cleaned, it. will result in a rotation in. the oppo- © •I b! b" -B site direction of the scrapers 1, owing to their close contact with the tube under the thrust of the springs 3. The result of the movement of rotation of the scrapers 1, and the shape of the cross section of their helicoidal grooves, combined with a reciprocating movement which is preferably imparted to • the appara- tus, is that the slightly adhesive deposit on the tube is scraped off. and pushed outwards, this . expulsion being preferably facilitated by . a jet of water introduced through the end of the tube, opposite to that of the escape of the deposit. (Two claims.) ■7. 0- 102684. Safety Railway Wagon Coupling (Non-Auto- matic). H. J. Piper, of Longstpwe; and A. Charter, of Bourn, Cambridgeshire.—Has reference to a safety coupling for railway wagons, etc. The drawing is a side elevation of the coupling, showing three positions, e.g., on. left .side the normal position of coupling when disengaged, on right side shows the coupling engaged, also the operating lever in posi- tion (shown dotted) for uncoupling. In operating. the hand water seal is located. Below the plate o, supporting the front wall of the producer chamber , and along the -side wads of the ash pit e (which constitute extensions of the pro- ducer chamber a), and if. required by the dimensions at one or more points in the length of the plate o, there are. arranged bearers 7 for the bars of the step grate, these bearers being disposed only upon the walls of the ash pit e. The blast distributor may be rectangular, having upon each side blast outlets v, submerged beneath the water in the ash pit. (Two claims.) 101154. Process for the Production of Ammonia from Coke. J. G. Aarts, of Dongen, near Breda, Holland.— Relates to an improved process for producing ammonia by action of steam on hot coke. Fig. 1 is a longitudinal section through a coke oven and the travelling housing with steam pipes and flue; fig. 2 is a cross section through the housing; fig. 3 is a plan of the housing partly in section, with the mass of hot coke also in section, a is the coke oven, b the jam which expels the coke, c the mass of glowing coke with. G C B D B E B lever for coupling, the cross member• connecting the arms on the transverse shaft first engages an extension of the inner link, and then operates the balanced link to throw it into coupling position, and when uncoupling the • same movement of the operating lever causes the cross member -to engage with the centre hanging piece, which - allows the balanced link to automatically uncouple, and allows the coupling to fall into its normal position or disengaged. - ■ (One claim.) ing -sinking, are arranged around and in proximity to the wall of the mine shaft b, and are connected to- gether by vertical rods c, so as to constitute the outer framework of the reinforce- ment of the ferro-concrete lining, the arrangement being such that the frame- work does not present any large surface upon which the material dislodged dur- ing blasting could act. The framework supports a tem- porary lining comprising wooden planks d between the outer framework and the wall of the shaft, as indi- cated at the left-hand por- tion of figs, l and 2, the planks being removed before the concrete is applied; or, in the case of water-bearing strata, the planks may be replaced by