1364 THE COLLIERY GUARDIAN. December 27, 1918. THE COLLIERY GUARDIAN Monthly List of Recent Coal Literature. I.—General. Increasing Goal Mine Efficiency. Charles E. Stuart. “Coal Age/’ Nov. 7, 1918, p.857; Nov. 14, p. 903; 8 fig. Plan for Government Supervision of Mines. H. C. Adams. “ Blk. Diamond,” Nov. 30, p. 473. Power : Its Significance and Needs. C. G. Gilbert and J. E. Pogue. U.S. Natl. Museum Bull. 102 (Pt. 5 of “ Mini. Industries of the U.S.”)', 53 pp. II. —Education. The Training of Students in Coal Mining. F. W. Hard- wick. “ Colliery Guard.,” Dec. 6, p. 1187. (From paper read before Midld. Inst.) Mine Managers’ Examinations. “ Colliery Guard.,” Dec. 6, p. 1190; 3 fig. III. —Geology. The Burgos Coal Deposits (Estudio Geologico-Industrial de la Cuenca Carbonifera de Burgos). I. Patac. Boletin Oficial de Minas y Metalurgia, Sept., p. 1; 2 fig. British Cannel Coal Deposits. A. Strahan. “ Colliery Guard.,” Nov. 29, 1917, p. 1131. (From Special Re- ports on the Mineral Resources of Great Britain, Vol. 7, Part 1.) Our Mineral Oil Resources. “ Colliery Guard.,” Nov. 29, 1918, p. 1139. Kimmeridge Oil Shale. A. Strahan. “ Colliery Guard.,-” Nov. 29, 1918, p. 1136; 2 fig. (From Special Reports on the Mineral Resources of Great Britain, Vol. 7, Part 1). Origin and Composition of Coal. Prof. G. Knox. . “ Colliery Guard.,” Dec. 20, p. 1300. (From lecture* before Students’ Assocn. at Wigan Mining and Techn. College.) Coal and Metalliferous Deposits in the Province of Leon (Estudio Industrial de Yacimentos Hulleros y Metalife- ros en la Provincia de Leon). J. Revilla. “ Boletin Oficial de Minas y Metalurgia,” Oct., p-. 33. IV.—Mine Surveying. The Theorem of Pythagoras. “ Colliery Guard./’ Nov. 29, 1918, p. 1135; 1 fig. VI.—Working of Minerals. Method of Working Thick Coal. M. Stafford. “ Coal Age,” Nov. 14, 1918, p. 890; 4 fig. Increasing the Output of Coal. J. Gibson. “ Colliery Guard.,” Dec. 13, p. 1243. (Paper read before Scot. Mine Mgrs.’ Assocn.) VIII. —Explosives, Blasting. Explosives in Coal Mines: New Order. “Colliery Guard.,” Dec. 20, p. 1298. IX. —Timbering, Packing, etc. The Cement Gun Fireproofs a Mine Shaft. E. M. Norris. “ Compr. Air Mag.,” Nov., p. 8946; 1 fig. (Paper read before Amer. Inst. Min. Engin.) The “ Armocab ” Ferro-Concrete Pit Props. “ Iron Coal Tr. Rev.,” Dec. 20, p. 701; 6 fig. X.—Surface Arrangements. Surface Plant of the Orient Mine in Franklin County, Illinois. “ Coal Age,” Nov. 21, p. 932; 5 fig. XL—Winding and Haulage. Labour-Saving Methods and Appliances for Loading Coal. G. W. Engel. “ Coal Age,” Nov. 28, p. 974; 14 fig. Rand Mine Accidents due to Ropes Breaking. “ S. Afr. Min. JI.,” Oct. 19, p. 136. Flexible Trolley Construction for Mines. “ Coal Age,” Nov. 7, 1918, p. 848; 2 fig. (Ohio Brass Bulletin.) Mechanical Pit Car Loaders for Coal. “ Coal Tr. Bull.,” Nov. 1, 1918, p. 47; 3 fig. XII—Signalling. The Davis-Holmesdearle Shaft Signal Releasing Gear and Level Indicating Gear. “ Iron Coal. Tr. Rev.,” Dec. 6, p. 641; 2 fig. Signalling in British Coal Mines Under the New Act. S. Walker. “ Coal Age,” Nov. 28, p. 980. The “ Strong ” Signalling Apparatus. “ Colliery Guard.,” Nov. 29, 1918, p. 1134; 2 fig. XIV.—Ventilation. The Reconstitution of Pure Air in Contaminated Atmo- spheres (La Reconstitution de 1’Air Pur dans les Atmospheres Contaminees). F. Laur. “ Comptes R. Soc. Ind. Min.,” 1918, Pt. 3, p. 89. XV.—Mine Gases, Testing. Record of Gas Pressure from a Borehole. ' C. J. Fair- brother. “ Trans. Inst. Min. Engin.,” Nov., Vol. 56, Pt. 1, p. 6; 2 fig. Occlusion of Explosive Gases in Coal. J. Ashworth. “ Coal Age,” Nov. 28, p. 990. The Inflammation of Mixtures of Methane and Air in a Closed Vessel. R. V. Wheeler. “ JI. Chem. Soc./’ Nov., p. 840; 7 fig. XVI.—Coal Dust. Explosibilitv of Coal Dust. “ Colliery Guard.,” Dec. 13, p. 1247? XVIII.—Mine Fires. Cementation for Stopping Mine Fires (Note sur 1’Em- douage des Feux de Mines). —. Cabane. “ Bull. Soc. Ind. Min.,” Vol. 14, Pt. 3, p. 67; 6 fig. XIX.—Rescue and Ambulance. Paul Breathing Apparatus. “ Coal Age,” Nov. 7, 1918, p. 864. XXL—Preparation. Hazards and Safeguards in Anthracite Breakers and Washeries. D. K. Glover. “ Coal Age/’ Nov. 14, 1918, p. 901. (Paper read before the National Safety Council.) Precautions in Working Coal Breakers and Washeries. D. K. Glover. “ Colliery Guard.,” Dec. 6, p. 1199. (Paper read before Natl. Safety Council.) The Draper Washer. Prof. G. Knox. “ Colliery Guard.,” Dec. 6, p. 1186; 3 fig. (From paper read before S. Wales Inst. Engin.) XXI IL—Coke Ovens and By-Products. Seasoned Silica Brick from Roof of a Basic Open Hearth Furnace after 135 Charges. C. S. Graham. “ Iron Coal Tr. Rev.,” Dec. 6, p. 639; 10 fig. The Basic Furnace as a Gas Producer. F. Siemens. “ Iron Coal Tr. Rev.,” Dec. 6, p. 641. (From “ St. u. E.” Modern Methods of Manufacture of Benzol and Its Homo- logues. W. Greaves. “ Gas Wld.,” Dec. 7, p. 12 (Coking Section). (From paper read before Soc. of Dyers and Colorists.) The Future of Benzol. D. B. Wattleworth. “Gas Wld.,” Dec. 7, p. 345. Modern Tendencies in the Coal Carbonising Industry (Tendances Modernes de 1’Industrie de la Carbonisa- tion de la Houille). C. Berthelot. “ Chimie et Indus- trie,” Nov. 1, p. 601; 5 fig. Silica Products (Produits Silicieux). J. Bied. Chimie et Industrie,” Nov. 1, 1918, p. 590. New Coke Ovens at Fence Houses. “ Colliery Guard.,” Nov. 29, 1918, p. 1134. . Research and Progress in By-product Coking in Great Britain. J. B. C. Kershaw. “ Coal Age,” Nov. 7, p. 853; Nov. 14, p. 898, 1 fig.; Nov. 21, p. 941; 6 fig. Methods of Analysis Used in the Coal Tar Industry.—IV. Benzols and Light Oils. J. M. Weiss. “ JI. Ind. Eng. Chem. Dec., p. 1006; 5 fig. Coke, Oven Gas for City Use. “ Times Eng. Suppt.,” Dec., p. 264. (Developments at Sheffield.) Carbonisation of Coal. W. Savage. “ Chem. Met. Eng.,” Oct. 1, p. 579; 6 fig. Mechanical Gas Producer. “ Iron Coal Tr. Rev.,” Dec. 13, p. 663; 2 fig. (Kerpely Producer.) Quantitative Determination of Suspended Tarry Matter in Gas. F. W. Steere. “ Chem. Met. Eng.,” Nov. 1, p. 686; 5 fig. Notes on the Combustion and Gasification of Carbon (Considerations Diverses et Consequences Pratiques au Sujet de la Combustion et de la Gazefication du Carbone). J. Seigle. “Bull. Soc. Ind. Min.,” Vol. 14, Pt. 3, p. 79; 7 fig. XXIV.—Fuels, Testing, etc. Calorific Valuation of Coal Without a Calorimeter. P. Smith. “ Cassier’s Eng. Mthly.,” Dec., p. 233. (From paper read before Soc. of Public Analysts.) The Economical Use of Coal. T. J. Nelson. “ Iron Coal Tr. Rev.,” Dec. 6, p. 629; 10 fig. (Paper read before S. Wales Branch Assoc. Min. El. Engin. and Natl. Assocn. Colly. Mgrs.) Use of Methane as a Fuel. G. W. Williams. “ Coal Age,” Nov. 28, p. 988; 1 fig. Notes on Lignite. S. M. Darling. “ Colliery Guard./’ Dec. 6, p. 1197. (From U.S. Bur. Mines Techn. Paper 178.) The Possibilities of Powdered Coal. W. G. Wilcox. “ Colliery Guard.,” Dec. 6, p. 1198. (Paper read before Westn. New York Sectn. of Amer. Chem Soc.) A New Timing Device for Simplifying the Thermometric Reading of Calorimetric Determinations. C. A. Myers, jun. “ JI. Ind. Eng. Chem.,” Dec., p. 1015; 3 fig. Coal Economy at Collieries. D. Wilson. “ Iron Coal Tr. Rev.,” Dec. 20, p. 691; 3 fig. (Paper read before Scottish Brches. of Assocn. Min. El. Engin. and Natl. Assocn. Colly. Mgrs.) Powdered Coal as a Fuel. C. F. Herington; 211 pp. (Constable, 12s. 6d. net.) XXV.—Steam Engines and Boilers: Gas Engines. Fans and Boilers. W. D. Owens. “ Coal Age,” Nov. 21, p. 937. A New American Pulverised Coal Device. “ Engin.,” Dec. 20, p. 537; 1 fig. Internal Combustion Engine Development. “ Eng. Rev.,” Nov. 15, 1918, p. 130. High Pressure and High Temperature Steam. J. H. Shaw. “ Iron Coal Tr. Rev.,” Nov. 29, 1918, p. 612. Abstr. paper read before Inst. Elec. Engin.) The Design of Governers, with Special Reference to Small Diesel Engines. Arthur B. Lakey. “ Proc. Engin. Soc. W. Penn./’ July 1918, p. 461; 12 fig. Auxiliary Oil Firing of Boilers. A. F. Baillie. “ El. Rev.,” Nov. 29, 1918, p. 509. Pressure of Hot Gases and Fumes in Furnaces and Chimneys (Etude de Quelques cas Generaux Depression des Gaz Chaudes et Fumeees dans les Fours et Cheminees.) J. Siegle. “Bull. Soc. Ind. Min.,” Vol. 14, p. 133; 17 fig. Gas Engines v. Electric Motors. “Gas Wld.,” Dec. 21, p. 381. Steam Turbine Governors. J. Humphrey. “ Iron Coal Tr. Rev.,” Dec. 13, p. 661; 5 fig. XXVL—Compressed Air. Lubrication of Air Compressors. W. H. Callan. “ Compr. Air Mag.,” Nov., p. 8941. (From “ Amer. Machinist.”) XXVIL—Electricity. Electric Power Supply. “ Colliery Guard.,” Nov. 29, 1918, p. 1134. Direct-Current Armature Trouble. F. Huskinson. “ Col- liery Guard.,” Nov. 29, 1918, p. 1135. (“ Coal Age.”) Modern Substations of Large Anthracite Distribution System. “ Coal Age,” Nov. 7, 1918, p. 850; 4 fig. The Supply of Single-Phase Power from Three-Phase Systems. Prof. Miles Walker. 31 pp.; 42 fig. (Paper read before the Institution of Electrical Engineers. ) Outdoor Mine Substations. H. W. Young. “ Coal Age,” Nov. 14, 1918, p. 891; 1 fig. Progress of Electricity in Coal Mining. F. Huskinson. “Coal Age,” Nov. 14, 1918, p. 892; 6 fig. The Power Factor.—IV. “ Colliery Guard.,” Dec. 6, p. 1188; lfig. . - Cure for Commutator Ring Fire on Direct Current Machines. “ Iron Coal Tr. Rev.,” Dec. 20, p. 696; 4 fig. Notes on Three-Phase Electric Haulage Equipment. L. Fokes. “ Colliery Guard.,” Dec. 20, p. 1295; 5 fig. Cooling Electric Motors. P. A. Mossay. “ Colliery Guard.,” Dec. 13, p. 1239; 6 fig. (From paper read before Min. Inst. Scotld.) XXVI11.—Surface Transport and Storage. The Report of the Select Committee on Transport. “ Engin.,” Nov. 29, 1918, p. 458. History of Conveying : Bucket Elevators. G. F. Zimmer. “Cassier’s Eng. Mthly.,” Dec., p. 353; 9 fig. Future of Our Canals. E. A. Pratt. “ Ry. Gaz.,” Dec. 6, p. 613. Electricity in Mining. L. Fokes. “ Sc. and Art Min.,” Nov. 30, 1918, p. 134; 4 fig. XXX.—Mining Laws, Royalties. Mining Law and Economics. D. Bowen. “ Colliery Guard.,” Dec. 6. p. 1185; Dec. 13, p. 1243. ABSTRACTS OF PATENT SPECIFICATIONS RECENTLY ACCEPTED. 120508. Improvements in Automatic Braking Apparatus for Lowering Appliances. T. H. Marten, 226, Indian- grove, Toronto, Canada.—Relates to automatic braking appartus for cranes and the like, of the type in which a lever sustains the load at one end, the opposite end being connected to a brake member engaging the drum, and the fulcrum situated therebetween. In one form of this arrangement the lever is provided with an adjustable fulcrum, one end of said lever being connected by a link to the similar end of a second parallel lever, the opposite end of which is attached to a spring buffer whose tension rod passes through the similar end of the first lever and connects with the load, while the brake block is pivoted to the second lever intermediate of the buffer and the link. The principal objects are to provide a safe and easily controlled lowering device which will eliminate the possi- bility of the loss of control of the load while being lowered and thereby rendering facing or falling of the load impos- sible, but which will allow of the lowering of the load at any desired speed. A further object is to reduce the factor of manual control to the minimum, and in such a manner that the safety of the lowering in respect to accidental falling or racing is entirely independent of the manual control. A still further object is to devise an apparatus with which it will be possible to handle ex- tremely heavy loads with a factor of safety equal to the handling of light loads, and in which the factor of manual control is relatively small, or in other words there will be practically very slight difference, if any, in the dependence upon the manual control whether the load be heavy or light. The invention consists in a braking apparatus in which the lever is supported by a fulcrum preferably adjustable, said lever being adapted to be adjusted longi- tudinally to vary the leverage as desired, and means being provided upon said lever to secure same in adjusted positions. (Six claims.) 120527. Water Tube Boilers. H. Horiuchi, 194, Ryuko Kosho, Taihoku, Taiwan, Japan.—Relates to improvements in water tube boilers of the kind which comprises front and rear water boxes substantially vertically arranged near the ends of a longitudinally disposed horizontal steam drum and connected to the under side thereof, and having oppo- sitely inclined tubes enclosing a V-shaped combustion chamber, and it consists in the provision of two sets of water tubes inclining at different angles in opposite direc- tions and connecting the water boxes to form a depressed V-shaped combustion chamber, and a practically U-shaped feed water heater preferably located in such chamber. The object is to obtain an active circulation of water and rapid production of steam. The front and rear water boxes communicate with the steam drum near its ends, and are substantially vertically arranged in a usual manner. The lower water tubes connect the water boxes at the lower parts thereof, and are arranged at an angle of prefer- ably 8 degs. to 13 degs to the water level, while the upper water tubes connect the water boxes at the upper parts thereof, and are arranged at an angle of preferably 2 degs. to 6 degs. to the water level, the latter set of water tubes being inclined in the opposite direction to the former. Thus a depressed V-shaped combustion chamber is formed between the two sets of water tubes, and a U-shaped feed water heater, secured to the rear water box, follows the inclination of and is located in said V-shaped chamber. The ends of the feed heater open into the rear box, and the feed water pipe passes through the rear of said box into the lower arm of the feed heater, which latter is comparatively larger than the feed water pipe so as to provide for circulation. The lower water # tubes lying immediately over the firegrate are highly heated, and as they are more steeply inclined than the upper water tubes, the circulation of water is chiefly caused in them. The water therein enters the front water box, ascends, and enters the upper water tubes to reach their rear ends more quietly.' Consequently the steam produced in the lower tubes, on entering the front water box, separates itself from the water and readily ascends into the steam drum. Hot air is delivered into the V-shaped combustion chamber by means of any suitable device, and perfect combustion is attained, so that the upper water tubes are further heated and then, as they are only slightly inclined upwardly towards their rear ends, and inasmuch as steam cannot remain stagnant, evapora- tion vigorously sets in, and the steam thus produced, on entering the rear water box, ascends to the steam drum. The cooler water in the steam drum and the water not evaporated in the upper water tubes will descend the rear water box, and the cold water fed from the feed water pipe, after it is warmed by the feed water heater, will also descend the rear water box. As both the front and rear water boxes have large areas, the separation of steam from water is very effective, so that the circulation of water in the boiler is uniform and rapid through all its essen- tial parts. The combustion of fuel, as well as propagation of heat, is vigorous, and the circulation of water on that account is very effective, so that the steam is rapidly