1314

THE COLLIERY GUARDIAN.

December 20, 1918.

ABSTRACTS OF PATENT SPECIFICATIONS
RECENTLY ACCEPTED.

111853. Refractory Material. H. A. Kennedy, Clear-
field, Pennsylvania, U.S.A.—This invention relates to a
new refractory material, and to the process of making the
same. The product is obtained by subjecting a finely
divided mixture containing lime, magnesia, silica or oxide
of iron or alumina to an exceedingly high temperature
whereby the powdered material is concreted or sintered
into a nodulised mass, the various ingredients having been
by this treatment chemically and physically combine!
to produce a product which is highly refractory and of
constant volume, not subject to change of volume upon
subjection to atmospheric moisture or carbon dioxide, and
which remains of constant volume even after being sub-
jected to the high heats incident to its use as a lining
lor open hearth steel furnaces. As a starting material
use is made of magnesian limestone or dolomite, which,
as is well known, varies widely in its relative proportion
of magnesium and calcium carbonate not only, in different
localities, but in the strata of the same quarry. A similar
variation is found in the quantity of impurities, such as
silica, alumina and iron, usually present as oxide of iron.
In order to possess the refractory qualities desired, the
finished product should preferably contain, as shown by
the chemical analysis, from 78 to 92 per cent, of calcium
and magesium oxide, 2 to 13 per cent, of silica, and alumin i
and iron oxide in quantity varying according to con-
ditions, as hereinafter stated. Small variations from th.se
proportions, while permissible, are still within the scope
of the invention, but the best results are obtained by
keeping within the limits above specified. The following
table shows analyses of different samples of the improved
products :—

MgO		“ A.”  36 00	“B.”  ... 40’00	<fC.”  ... 30-o0	‘fD ” ... 25-00 .	“E.”  .. 4z-u0
CaO 		30 00	... 40 0J	.•.. 50*00	... 53-00 .	.. 50 00
feilica 		O'00	... oT0	... 1200	... 13-60 .	200
Alumina ..	300	14 f 3’0f'	...	3-00	300	f.jl’ 0
Iron oxide	5’00	14 (1100	...	5*b0	6oO ■	• 0 < 5’00
Samples	“ B,”	“ C,” and ‘	‘ D ” are	well suited	for use

in the making of bottoms and repairs in basic open-hearth
furnaces, and samples “A” and “E” are suitable for
v/ork above the flux line of such furnaces, or for what are
known in the art as “ renewals,” i.e., where higher re-
fractoriness is required. Care must be taken to avoid the
use of more than 12 or 13 per cent, of silica, as above
this percentage of silica there is danger of the forma-
tion of calcium ortho-silicate compounds. Alumina and
iron oxide are for this purpose substantially equivalent,
and are to • be estimated together. If the natural
raw materials contain sufficient alumina, no iron oxide
need be used, although it is preferable to add some iron
oxide, as its presence serves to add toughness in the finished
material. Where the natural raw materials are relatively
high in silica, a correspondingly less amount of iron and
alumina may be used, and when the silica content is rela-
tively low, more iron oxide may be added. As long as the
percentage of silica is kept below the limit above stated,
silica may be subsituted for a portion of the alumina
and iron oxide. Other analogous materials, such as basic
open-hearth slag, blast furnace slag, bauxite or chrome
ore may be used as fluxing “ impurities,” and are included
within the scope of the invention. A mixture suitable for
obtaining the desired qualities is obtained, either by
selecting raw rock having the proper proportions of bases
and impurities, or by mixing raw rock of different compo-
sitions, or by adding to raw rock, or a mixture of rocks;
a sufficient quantity of iron oxide, usually in the form oi
iron ore. The mixed ingredients are then ground in a
series of mills by methods such as are used for preparing
Portland cement mixtures, until they are in a finely
pulverulent condition, care being taken that in the various
grinding and -transferring operations a thorough and inti-
mate mixture of the ingredients is obtained. The lime-
stone may, if desired, be brought into the desired finely
divided condition by first calcining it in an ordinary kiln
and then hydrating it in the usual manner, the finely
divided lime magnesium hydrate being then mixed with
the other ingredients as above specified. This method is,
however, more expensive, and substantially the same
results may be had by burning the mechanically reduced
stone, using a higher temperature. The mixed raw
material, either dry or as a wet slurry, is then heated,
while under agitation, to an exceedingly high temperature,
by which is meant a temperature in excess of that used
in the manufacture of Portland cement, the temperatures
used in burning cement averaging about 2,850 degs. Fahr,
in the burning zone of a rotary kiln. This heating is
preferably carried out in a rotary kiln heated by a
powdered fuel flame. From the rotary kiln the red-hot
material is delivered to a cooling cylinder, and is then
ready for use. As compared with the process of burning
cement clinker in the usual rotary kiln, it is found neces-
sary to rotate the kiln at a less speed, or have a less
inclination of the kiln, and to use a higher temperature,
with the result that the material under treatment pro-
gresses more slowly through the kiln, and is subjected for
a longer time to the high temperature in the burning zone,
the necessary conditions for the formation of new chemical
combinations between the intimately mixed ingredients
being thus provided. As a result of this treatment, the
finely divided materials are aggregated into nodules or
lumps of varying sizes, but of generally uniform composi-
tion. These nodules or lumps are formed by partial fusion,
whereby there results the formation of a mass of sintered
or clinkered compound. Whatever be the chemical com-
binations, the resulting product has refractory qualities
such as make it a satisfactory substitute for magnesite in
open hearth and other furnace work. It is superior to any
of the forms of calcined or hard shrunk magnesian lime-
stone or dolomite in that it is of constant volume even after
repeated heating and cooling. Thus the bottom of an
open hearth furnace, if made of calcined dolomite, will
when the furnace is cooled down, readily absorb moisture
and carbonic acid from the air and furnace gases, and will
swell or puff up so that it has to be removed before a
new lining is made, while the new material under like
conditions is unaffected, remaining in the furnace as a
hard, concreted mass of unchanging volume. Furnace
bottoms made from this material last longer, and can far
more readily be temporarily or permanently repaired or
renewed than those made from any form of calcined or
hard shrufik dolomite or dolomitic limestone. It has the
further advantage that, owing to the new chemical com-
binations formed by the treatment above described, the
new material does not lose its availability for use as a
refractory even after long exposure to the weather.

113091. Apparatus for the Manufacture of Coke. F. J.
Sivyer, Edmonton, Cairns, Queensland, Australia.—This
invention consists in improvements in apparatus for the
manufacture of coke by the combustion of coking coal
with limited access of air in closed stalls. The combustion

of the coal is conducted in trucks of special construction,
hereinafter described, which are filled outside the stall,
when filled wheeled into the stall, and when the charge
is coked wheeled out of the stall and the coke quenched
and discharged. The invention includes structural features
both of the stall and the truck. In practice the stalls are
built to accommodate each one truck, but they might be
built to accommodate each two or more trucks. (Five
claims.)

120489. Improvements in Oil Burning Agrparatus. Bab-
cock and Wilcox Limited, Oriel House, 30, Earring don-
street, London (communicated by the Babcock and Wilcox
Company, of New York, U.S.A.). —Relates to oil-burning
apparatus of the type in which air is admitted through
openings in a casing surrounding the burner, and is directed
by guide blades to follow a rotary path. The furnace
front is formed with a conical opening in which is seated
a cone-shaped casting so placed .that the smaller end is
directed toward the furnace. The cone has on its inner
surface a plurality of blades which are normal to the
surface of the cone and at an angle of approximately
60 degs. to the plane of the furnace front plate. They are
substantially triangular in shape, having two straight sides
and a curved side which corresponds to the curvature
of the surface of the cone. A central ring is cast with
the blades to strengthen them, and against said ring is
supported an air-deflecting plate comprising a plurality of
blades extending between a central ring and an outer
ring or a flat air-deflecting plate may be used. In both
forms the blades are spaced apart to provide apertures
for the admission of air, and are inclined to give the
a:r a whirling motion. Some of the blades are formed
with lugs adapted to engage the outer ring of the air-
deflecting plate, and support the latter in a central posi-
tion, and centrally with the burner tip. The cone is
formed with circumferential rib which fits a recess in
a cast cylindrical box or casing having a flange provided
with openings through which bolts are passed to secure the
box to the furnace front plate. The front of the box
is formed with a flange to which is fastened, by stud
bolts, a front or cover plate having a central opening sur-
rounding which, and extending on both sides of the plate,
are hubs to support the burner barrel. The burner may
be of any appropriate type, and the burner tip is set
in close proximity to the air-deflecting plate, so that it
is possible to see the stream of atomised oil as it issues
from the burner tip. Supported on the hub is a collar
in which is formed a chamber, to the inlet end of which
is connected an oil supply pipe, and to the outlet end a
goose-neck connection to the burner body. Pivoted to
the underside of the collar is a yoke which, when the
burner is placed in position, is swung upward and
clamped, by means of a set screw, against a flat face on
the goose-neck. In the oil inlet pipe is a quick closing
valve. The body of the box is formed with ribs, between
which are openings for the admission of air and adapted
to be closed more or less by hinged doors, which are
curved to conform to the body of the box, which are kept
open by springs, but can be closed by means of a handle
and cams. (Eight claims.)

120596. Distillation and Recovery of Ammonia.
G. Wilton, Sorrento, Flower-lane, Mill Hill, London,
N.W. 1.—This invention relates to apparatus for use in
the distillation and recovery of ammonia from ammoniacal
liquor wherein hot spent liquor from the liquor still or
stills is subjected to partial vacuum whereby ammonia in
the liquor is evolved with or without the assistance of
waste or other additional heat. The object is to provide
improved apparatus of this type for use in the recovery of
ammonia from liquors containing very small quantities of
ammonia. The apparatus comprises a still, a receiver for
liberating the ammonia, a reflux condenser, a coil con-
denser and a collecting receiver, each of ordinary
construction, and means for creating a vacuum in the appa-
ratus characterised in that the collecting receiver is placed
at a low level so as to create or assist in creating a
partial vacuum in the receiver and reflux condenser. (Two
claims.)

NEW PATENTS CONNECTED WITH THE
COAL AND IRON TRADES.

Applications for Patents.

December 9 to 14 {inclusive).

[Note.—Applications arranged alphabetically under the
names of the applicants (communicators in parentheses).
A new number will be given on acceptance, which will
replace the application number.]

Allan, W. Construction of internal combustion engines.
(20667)

Alwynhaigh, F. Dynamo-electric machines. (20727)

(Ashworth, A. A.) Apparatus for distilling or cracking
heavy oils, etc. (20531)

Bedford, R. A., and Fuller, H. Furnaces. (20734, 20739)
Bourke, A. M. Two-stroke internal combustion engines.

(20819)

Bowen, F. W. Construction of boilers, furnaces, etc.
(20725)

Brennan, W. J. Internal combustion engines of the two-
stroke cycle type. (20744)

British Thomson-Houston Company. Dynamo-electric
machines. (20727)

British Thomson-Houston Company (General Electric
Company). Elastic fluid turbines. (20535)

British Westinghouse Electric and Manufacturing Com-
pany. Electrical phase converting systems. (20793,
20794)

Campbell, F. A., and Wilson, R. W. Pneumatic per-
cussive tools. (20395)

Climie, W., and Lees, W. Gas producers. (20390)

Climie. W., and Lees, W. Gas producing plant. (20391,
20392)

Davis, H. N., and Twigg, W. R. Reversible regenerative
gas-fired furnaces. (20456)

F.I.A.T. Soc. Anon. Electrical furnaces. (20746)

Forbes, A. W. Supporting means for travelling cables,
etc. (20877)

Glopper, F. T. de. Chain grate furnaces. (20442)

Gurry, W. M., and Sturtevant Engineering Company.
Multi-stage pumps. (20651)

Haden, C. I. and W. N., Haden and Sons, G. N., .and
Horton, F. H. Water boilers. (20715)

Harrison, E. Dynamo-electric machines. (20832)

Harrison, J. Electric furnaces. (20858)

Hay, P. Rotary elastic fluid engines. (20868)

Herview, G. Internal combustion engines. (20625)
Holt, G. Coal cutter chains. (20463)

Iversen, H. M. Gas producers. (20654)

Jenkins, F. A. E. Heat engines. (20552)

Jolley, T. H. Down-draught smoke flues. (20699)

Jones, E. H. Means for converting alternating current
into continuous or direct current. (20477)

Kettle, L. J. Apparatus for electrical protection against
corrosion, pitting, etc., of tubes, ferrules, doors, etc.,
of surface condensers, etc. (20605)

Langdon, A. G. Rotary pump. (20786)

Mavor and Coulson Limited and Moore, M. S. Electric
alternating current slip-ring motors and short-
circuiting, and brush-lifting gear therefor. (20863)

Milnes, G. Pedestals for colliery corves, tubs, etc. (20420)
Moeglin, L. Automatic feed governors for steam boilers.
(20890)

Mougeotte, G. Internal combustion engines. (20620)

Pace, P. C. Apparatus for manufacture of air gas.
(20779)

Ricardo, H. R. Internal combustion engines. (20478)

Richards, G. B. Expansible fluid-operated engines.

(20633)

Simpson, W. F. J. Internal combustion engines. (20461)

Smith, D. J. Gas producers. (20436)

Temple, A. J. Oil fuel burners. (20596)

Temple, H. E. Means for gasification of coal, shale, etc.
(20880)

Westbury, C. F. Clinometer. (20778)

Williams, D. H. Power-generating and transmitting
mechanism, etc. (20712)

Complete Specifications Accepted.

{To be published on January 2.)

[Note.—The number following the application is that
which the specification will finally bear.]

1917.

3394. Electric and Ordnance Accessories Company and
Etchells, J. Regulating or controlling systems
for electric motors. (121138)

15445. Walster J., and Walster, S. Method of and means
for generating coal gas in retorts. (121146)

17740. Bamber, H. W. Producer gas plants. (121161)

17825. British Thomson-Houston Company and Samuel-
son, F. Feed-water heaters and steam con-
densers. (121169)

17849. Bruce Peebles and Company and Webb, H. E.
Dynamo-electric machines. (121170)

18012. Pilkington, J. Devices for use in lighting miners’
safety lamps. (121179)

18044. Wilson, J. Apparatus for purifying water and
other liquids. (121180)

18345. Arthur, J.	Penumatic percussive hammers and

similar tools. (121195)

19200. Butterley Company and Bircumshaw, J. Pit
props. (121208)

19236. Schultz, E. J. A., and Seghers, A. C. Rotary
pumps. (121209)

1918.

143. Aktiebolaget Wigelius Motorer. Internal combus-
tion engines. (112459)

802. Tylor and Sons, J., White, H. T., Gaunt, J., and
Brookfield, D. Smelting furnaces or the like.
(121213)

2056. White, J. W. Internal combustion engines.
(121223)

2406. Taylor, J. Direct-acting steam pumps. (121224)

2743. Marine Appliances Limited, Ayers. P. C., and
Josling, H. W. E. Apparatus for promoting
longitudinal circulation of water in boilers of
the Scotch marine type. (121227)

2850. Gardner, J. High-speed reciprocating engines.
(121228)

5025. Bickerton, H. N., and Balmford, A. B. Oil
engines. (121241)

Complete Specifications open to Public Inspection Before
Acceptance.

[Note.—-The number following the application is that
which the specification will finally bear.]

1918.

14802. Motala Verkstads Nya Aktiebolag. Feeding
devices for pulverulent fuel. (121275)

15894. Rafn, R. Belt conveyors. (121277)

20098. Clerc, C. Gas generators. (121290)

20180. Marin, A. J. Explosives. (121294)

CATALOGUES AND PRICE LISTS RECEIVED.

Superheat Furnace Company Limited. — The 1919
calendar is similar in design to that for 1918—a neat,
business-like hang-up card bearing a brightly printed wad
of tear-off slips for daily use. The calendar is a con-
venient one.

Clayton and Company (Huddersfield) Limited.—That
all-important subject of the moment, post-war trade, is
related so intimately to efficiency in transport that the
well-tested post-war vehicles built at the Karrier Works
have a special claim upon attention. Two catalogue
folders are issued—one illustrating the live axle Karrier
type, W.D.S., and the other the chain drive Karrier type,
B.R. 110. Each type has established itself as a first-class
unit for all road transport work, and the insignificance
of the annual repair bill emphasises the acknowledged
suitability of the vehicles for hard and prolonged service.

Wardle Engineering Company Limited, 196, Deansgate,
Manchester.—The new catalogue, No. 11, is distinguished
by the fact that enough technical information relating to
lanterns and reflectors is compressed into a few pages
to make it a standard work in a nutshell. Evidently it
has been carefully compiled in order to assist the com-
paratively unskilled in the preparation of new installa-
tions or the improvement of old ones. Anticipations of
decimal coinage are revealed by prices being quoted in
shillings and decimals of a pound. The company en-
deavoured to make this catalogue as useful as possible for
all countries, short translations be;ng embodied, and the
result appears to be satisfactory. The correct lighting unit
and the easy caculation of cost to destination will facili-
tate the trader’s work of selection, and the details of effi-
cient lighting equipment will assist the user of light.

American Mining Machinery for France.—The Secretary
of Commerce, speaking at the Brooklyn Chamber of Com-
merce, said 4,000 tons of machinery and tools were waiting
in New York Harbour on December 10 for shipment
abroad, and that an order was pending for £2.000,000
worth of mining machinery to help to restart the coal
mines in Northern France.

Coal Controller on the Outlook.—The Coal Controller,
in an interview, stated : ‘ I am afraid that there will
be no relief from coal rationing this winter, but the
system will cease the moment it can safely be done in
the national interests. Rationing must continue unitl
reserves of coal are created for transport, domestic, indus-
trial and public utility purposes. At present there are
practically no reserve stocks, and it will take three or
four months before they are built up to the safety point.”