82

THE COLLIERY GUARDIAN.

July 14, 1916.

ABSTRACTS OF PATENT SPECIFICATIONS
RECENTLY ACCEPTED.

5021 (1915). Improved Manufacture of Liquid Organic
Compounds from the Products of Distillation of Coal and
other Solid Carbonaceous Material of Vegetable Origin
Formed by Natural or Artificial Carbonisation. F. Sergius,
of 79, Zweigertstrasse, Essen, Germany.—An improvement
on Patent No. 18232 of 1914. In the pressures of more than
20 atmospheres it has been found that the hydrogenating
reaction can also be effected with certain products of dis-
tillation of coal and other carbonaceous materials, such as
tar and pitch and other solid or liquid carbon compound
obtained by distillation. It is possible to convert tar by heat-
ing it with compressed hydrogen of more than 20 atmospheres
to temperatures of about 400 degs. Cent, into a fairly thin
fluid, from which hydrocarbons having properties similar to
those of rock oil hydrocarbons, can be separated by dis-
tillation. The process is applicable to solid and liquid
hydrocarbon containing products of destructive distillation
of coal and other solid carbonaceous material of vegetable
origin formed by natural or artificial carbonisation, obtained
at high temperatures in cooking and gas retorts. Example :
One kg. of tar is heated with hydrogen at 100 atmospheres
pressure to 400 degs. Cent, in an autoclave. After four hours
the mass is distilled off. 60 per cent, of tar is distilled at
about 250 degs. Cent., and can be further treated by
rectification. (One claim.)

7694 (1915). Improved Means for Utilising Steam Pressure
in Automatically Regulating the Draught through a Boiler
Furnace. D. Gripaios, of 63, Odos Kallitheas, Gargareta,
Athens, Greece.—Relates to the type of means for utilising
steam pressure in automatically regulating the draught
through a boiler furnace in which, on the pressure in the
boiler exceeding a predetermined point, steam is admitted to
a cylinder -and operates against a piston therein and thereby
operates a damper in a direction to cut off or lessen the
draught through the furnace, or opens a cold air damper and
admits air into the flue, thereby checking the draught
through the furnace, the piston being returned by a weight
or spring; and has for its object improvements therein, more
particularly with a view to rapidity and sensitiveness of
action. Fig. 1 is a vertical section, and fig. 2 is an eleva-
tion, looking in the direction of the arrow in fig. 1.
A is the main cylinder, B the piston, C the piston rod, con-
nected at its outer end with the damper. D is a control valve
in a cylindrical case E. The lower or forward face of this
valve is normally pressed by a spring F against an annular
seat g of the closed lower end G of the case E, leaving an
annular space h. The portion d of the valve face which is
surrounded by the seat g is constantly exposed to the boiler
pressure, through the medium of the pipe gl and passage
g2. The upper or back face of the valve D bears, when the
valve is in its upward position, against an annular seat e
of the closed upper end of the casting E, leaving an annular
space h1 around such seat. If, when the valve D is down
upon the seat g, the boiler pressure exceeds a predetermined
point, the valve will be moved by the pressure of the steam,
against the pressure of the spring F, until it seats itself
against the seat e. Immediately the valve lifts from the
seat g the full area of the lower face of the valve is exposed

,1*

\A

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r



3

to the steam pressure, which causes the valve to move with
great rapidity to the full extent of its possible travel. The
annular space hl will then be full of steam at substantially
boiler pressure. If the boiler pressure then falls below a
predetermined point, the pressure upon the valve in the space
hl, which has then fallen with the boiler pressure, and the
pressure of the spring F, acting together, overbalance the
reduced pressure at the under face of the valve and return
the valve to its original position upon the seat g. Immedi-
ately the valve moves from against the seat e the full area
of the upper face of the valve is exposed to the steam pressure
and the valve is in consequence rapidly moved down. K is
a cylindrical valve which operates within -a cylindrical case
M and controls the exhaust from the cylinder A. This
valve, as conveniently constructed, is hollow and open at its
upper end, and has openings k through the wall thereof,
which, in one position of the valve, register with an annular
port m of the valve case and allow steam to flow from the
cylinder A into an exhaust pipe N. When the valve D rises,
it moves the valve K into position to cut the cylinder A off
from the exhaust pipe N, and immediately the valve K is
moved sufficiently to cut off the exhaust, its further move-
ment in the same direction lifts a steam inlet valve P,
against the pressure of a spring p, and steam thus passes
from the steam pipe T to the cylinder A and forces down the
piston B, the damper being thus moved in a direction to
ensure the cutting off or lessening of the draught through
the boiler furnace. The return movement of the valve D
moves down the valve K, which first allows the valve P to
close, and then opens the exhaust from the cylinder A, with

the result that the damper automatically moves, under the
force of a weight or spring, in the opposite direction. (Ten
claims.)

9148 (1915). Improvements in Mine Signalling Appara-
tus. k. McCartney, 42, College-street, Buckhaven, Fife-
shire.—Relates to a visual signalling apparatus to comply
with the new Coal Mines Act (1911) in regard to shaft sig-
nalling, and of a type known as non-accumulating showing
by means of painters travelling step by step round a dial
numbered from zero to 11 and pointing to a number on the
dial, corresponding with the number of raps or rings given
by the pit bottomer or the banksman by means of a bell
wire attached to the machine, a machine for each being
installed in the winding engine house. The apparatus con-
sists of two plates a1 and a2 held apart by four distance piece
bolts u, one at each corner, the space between the plates
being made sufficient for wheels, lever, drum, and automatic
releasing apparatus to be contained. Through the centre of
the plates a1 and a2 a shaft h passes, and on this shaft and
between the plates, two ratchet toothed wheels bl and b2 a
lever c with pawl pl, and a drum dl are placed, also a short
arm or lever v with a pawl vl on the end of it. The ratched
wheels have 12 teeth each, and one of the wheels b2 is keyed
to the shaft h, and works against the back plate a2, the other

wheel, bl, is fixed on a tube or sleeve e, which works freely
on the shaft, and passes through the front plate and also
through the dial, g. The ratchet wheel fixed to the shaft is
worked by the lever C, by means of a pawl pl, attached to
the lever for that purpose, and this pawl, working over a
sheath, p4, fixed to the plate, clears the teeth when the lever
is back. A rod is connected from the top end of lever, C,
to a lever outside the case. A wire can also be connected to
the bottom end of the lever C, passing over a small
pulley attached to the right hand side of the back plate and
in a line with the lever, C, and down through the bottom of
the case and made fast to the hammer if possible, and, failing
that, a weight is attached for a back-balance. On the shaft
also is a drum, dl, and this is also fixed to the shaft close up
to the lever, C, and to this drum a chain and weight, ql, is
attached. A drum, d2, is secured on the sleeve, e, between
the front plate and the dial, and to this drum a chain and
weight q2, is also attached. To the face of this drum a disc
f is riveted, and this disc f is the same diameter as the
section of the dial, g, round -which the pointers, ?, i2, travel.
The short pointer, i2, is screwed on to the sleeve e, and fixed
by means of a lock nut. The long painter, il, is fixed to the
end of the shaft in front of the short pointer by means of a
square on the shaft, and a w7asher and nut being screwed
tight up against it. There is a slot made on the right hand
edge of the long pointer and a pin riveted to the short
pointer fits into this slot, so by this means the long pointer
takes the short painter round the dial along with it to the
number corresponding with the signal given. On both plates,
on the under side of the ratchet wheels pawls, p2 and p3, are
placed to keep the wheels from, running back until released.
The wheel keyed to the shaft and carrying the long pointer
is released automatically by a weight, q3, coming dovm on a
tramp lever, I, attached to the pawl, p2, on the back plate,
and the whel on the sleeve, e, carrying the short pointer, is
released by a rod, t, fig. 2, connected to the bottom end of the
pawl, p3, on the front plate, and operated by the engine
release and also by a short arm or lever v, fixed to the shaft
and having a pawl r1, working loose on the side next the

7.ER

11

LOWER

Steadily

Baisc

STOP

5g\
SLOWER
STEADILY

front wheel, and tin? end of this pawl v' comes against a pin
projecting from the top end of pawl, p3, and pushes it out
when the first signal is given, and when the large pointer
comes back to zero, this pawl vl drops into position. The
automatic release, k, is bolted to the side of the case in a
central position between the two plates, a1 and a2, and close
to the top of the case. It consists of a train of throe wheels
and a pinion, the main wheel of this train having a free
wheel attached, over which a chain, with a weight, q3, on
one end, works, and the other end of the chain is fastened to
the bottom end of the lever, C, and when this lever is pulled
forward by a signal being given, the chain and weight, q3,

is drawn up, the free wheel only moving, and when the lever,
C, is let back, the train of wheels and pinion let the weight
slowly down on the tramp of the lever, I, working on a short
shaft, r, bolted to the back of the case and under the back
plate toward the right-hand side (fig. 1), and this tramp
lever, I, has a pliable connection to the pawl, p2, on the back
plate, and when the lever, I, is depressed by the weight, q3,
the pawl is pulled clear off the teeth, thus allowing the long
pointer to return to zero. To the bottom ends of pawls, p2
and p3, light springs are attached, and also to the top end of
the pawl, pl, on lever C, the spring of the pawl on lever, C,
is attached to the lever and the springs of the pawls on the
plates are attached to the bottom distance piece bolt on the
left hand side of the plates, a small groove being made on
each side of the bolt for that purpose. On the disc, f, the
word “ men ” is printed, and the figures 3 are printed at
intervals round the disc. A little clearance is allowed for
between this disc and the back of the dial. The dial, g, is
numbered from zero to 11, but a slot, is cut where 3 should
be and the figure 3 on the disc, f, is shown through this slot
when the pointers are at zero. When 1 is signalled, 3 is
replaced by another 3; the same occurs when 2 is signalled,
but when 3 is signalled the word “ men ” appears in the
slot. When 4 is signalled, 3 again appears in the slot, and
so on 3 is replaced by 3 till 11 is reached, when a stopper
keeps the painters from going any further in that direction.
The framework is connected to the back of theTca.se by means
of knees, n, two at the top of the plates and two at the
bottom, one end of the knees secured by the ends of the dis-
tance piece bolts to the back of the plates and the other end
of the knees bolted to the back of the case. A collar, O, is
fixed to the shaft between the back of the case and the back
of the plate with a stopper pin on it. A part of the shaft is
left protruding from the back of the case, so that the register-
ing device can be coupled to it if required. The whole
apparatus described is enclosed in a metal ease with a door
at the left-hand side to allow for oiling or adjusting weights,
springs, or anything required. Fig. 1 is a view of the
machine. Fig. 2 shows the position of wheels, lever, pawls,
and automatic releasing apparatus /r, and also .short arm or
lever v with pawl v1, and fig. 3 is a view of dial and pointers.
(Four claims.)

11300 (1915). Improvements in Machines for Use in
Mining Minerals, particularly adapted for Use in Mining
Coal and the like. Mavor and Coulson Limited, and
Matthew Smith Moore, all of 47, Broad-street, Mile-End,
Glasgow.—Relates to improvements in coal-cutting machines
of the type in which haulage gear is associated in construc-
tion with the machine and operated by the motor of the
machine, the object being to provide transmission gear to
impart to the drum a slow7 drive for cutting operations, and
a quick drive for traversing from one position to another.
Fig. 1 is a diagrammatic plan view ; fig. 2 ds- a sectional side
elevation; and fig. 3' is a plan, partly in section about the
horizontal planes containing the axes of the shafts D and
K, of gear at the haulage end of the machine; fig. 4 is a
cross sectional view taken about the line XY of fig. 2; and
fig. 5 is a side sectional elevation of part of the feed trans-
mission gear. The construction is that of a bar machine, A
being the body of the machine, B the cutter bar at the head
and 0 the drum at the tail of the machine. The motor (not

shown) is encased at the middle portion of the body. D is
the motor shaft of which only a rearwardly extending portion
is shown (figs. 2 and 3). The drum C -is mounted to rotate
about a horizontal axis extending transversely across the tail
of the machine, and the feed motion is imparted to a toothed
wflieel E (fig. 5) mounted upon a spindle E1, by means of a
pawfl F carried upon an oscillatory frame F1 mounted about
the spindle E1. For preventing backward rotation of the
wheel E a pawl F3 is provided. The frame F1 is oscillated
by a rod F2 connected at one end to the frame F1 at a posi-
tion some distance from its axis, and at the other end to a
crank pin mounted on a horizontal crank shaft G arranged at
right angles to and below7 the driving shaft D, the crank
shaft G having a worm wheel G1 fixed thereon in driving
mesh with a worm H arranged to be rotated about an axis
co-axial to that of the driving shaft D and in driving connec-
tion therewith. For disconnecting the feed transmission gear
from driving connection with the drum C, a clutch is pro-
vided; for example, the toothed wheel E may be mounted
upon a conical part E2 fixed to, as shown, or formed in a
part with the spindle E1. and adapted to be locked by tighten-
ing up a screw- collar E3 at the end of the spindle E1 and
released by slackening the collar. The drive from the spindle
El to the drum C may be by means of a pinion E1 fixed on
the spindle E1 gearing with a toothed wheel C1 mounted
about the drum axle. The toothed wheel Cl is fixed to the
drum C; or the feed motion may be transmitted by other
suitable gearing. The shift motion is imparted by a pinion
drive to a toothed w’heel (C1) mounted about the drum axle.
An auxiliary gear wheel (pinion E’l may be provided between
a pinion J and the toothed wheel Cl. The pinion J, which is
mounted upon a horizontal counter shaft K, ds driven by an
auxiliary worm Hl, which may be fixed to or (as shown)
formed in a part with the feed transmission gear worm H, or
independently mounted upon an extension of the driving
shaft D, and the auxiliary worm H1 arranged in driving
mesh w-ith a worm wheel J1 mounted upon the counter shaft
K, the worm wheel J1 being adapted to be fixed in driving
connection with the counter shaft K or left free to rotate idly
thereon. This may be effected by mounting the worm wheel
J1 upon a conical part of the counter shaft K, the locking
being effected by a screw collar K1 fitted at one end of the
counter shaft K and the release effected by slackening the