140

THE COLLIERY GUARDIAN.

January 21, 1916.

ABSTRACTS OF PATENT SPECIFICATIONS
RECENTLY ACCEPTED.

952 (1915). Improvements in or relating to Force Pumps.
Societe G. Brian and A. Soudee, of 64, rue des Halles, Tours,
France.—According io the invention a tubular differential
piston works in suitable borings of different diameter of a
single, internally stepped cylinder or pump body. Another
feature consists in the piston being driven by means extend-
ing through a wall of the cylinder and attached to the
piston at a point between the packing rings
on its larger and smaller ends. The draw-
ing is a cross section. The cylinder of the
pump comprises two parts a and b of
different diameters, of which the part a has
an inner cross section twice that of the
part b. This pump cylinder, which can be
made in one or several pieces, rests on a
base b, forming at d the suction chamber,
at the upper portion of which is arranged
the suction valve e. The piston /, which is
hollow, is provided at its lower end with
the discharge valve g, and at each end has
packings h and h1 (hydraulic leathers,
hemp, or metal packing or the like), no
stuffing boxes for the pistons being pro-
vided. During the up stroke of the piston / .

there is drawn by the face of larger diameter, a volume of
liquid into the body a, and simultaneously there is dis-
charged by the upper face a volume half the size; during
the down stroke, a volume, still equal to half that drawn lin
during the up stroke, is discharged, whilst the whole volume
of water contained in the part a penetrates into the interior
of the piston f through the discharge valve g, and so on.
The pump piston can thus be driven at a high speed, since
the discharge of the liquid is continuous. The arrangement
for driving the piston / may be any desired. (Three claims.)

3489 (1915). Process for Preventing the Formation of,
and Removing Scale in Steam Boilers and the like. G. G.
Schlaepfer, of No. 31, Corso Magenta, Milan, Italy.—The
invention consists in adding to water, either before or after
it enters the boiler, carbonaceous material of a porous nature,
such as porous 'animal or vegetable charcoal, coke, or lamp-
black, not in compressed form, or moulded, nor enclosed in
receptacles, but in a freely divided state, so that it can spread
all through the water to be treated. The quantity of the
porous carbonaceous substance to be added to the water
varies according to the nature or hardness of the water. The
particles of the preparation are held suspended in the water,
and the salts which form the scale are deposited, not on the
sides of the boiler, but upon the suspended carbon particles.
Scale already formed can be removed if the boilers are filled
with water treated in the manner indicated, the scale detach-
ing itself in small flakes. No fresh deposition takes place,
and the old scale gradually falls away owing to the expan-
sion and contraction of the boiler. The materials are pre-
ferably mixed, before being added to the water, with certain
liquids such as salt solutions of suitable Concentration, so as
to facilitate the' perfect contact of the particles of the pre-
paration with the water. For example, solutions of sodium
hydrate and sodium carbonate. (Two claims.)

21950 (1914). Improvements in or relating to Pumps for
Compressing or Exhausting Air. and Gases. H. A. Fleuss,
Dunstan Lodge, Thatcham, Berkshire.—Delates to pumps
for exhausting or compressing air or other gases of the type
in which the cylinder cover forms the pump valve being
lifted by the piston at the end of its stroke, while at the
upper end of the cylinder is a chamber for containing a small
quantity of oil, which is prevented from escaping through
outlets in the top of the chamber by a depending tube, so
that any oil which is splashed up may strike against the
outside of the tube. The inlet or suction pipe is led into
the top of an annular chamber surrounding part of the
pump cylinder, and at the bottom
of 'this chamber is a port in the
barrel extending from a point a
short distance above the top of the
piston when at the bottom of its
stroke to the bottom of the
cylinder. The accompanying draw-
ing is a vertical section. 1 is a
cylinder within which works a
piston 2 provided with a cup
leather 3 and a valve 4 open-
ing upwards. The lower end of
the cylinder is surrounded by an
annular chamber 5, into which
opens the inlet pipe 6. Ports 7
connect the chamber to the
cylinder, and one of these, 71,
extends to the bottom of the
cylinder; 8 is a cylinder cover
which acts as the delivery valve,
the lower surface of which is
made flat to correspond with the
upper surface of the piston. It
carries packing 9, through which
the piston rod 10 passes, and

which is held in place by a helical spring 11. The delivery
valve opens into a chamber 12 containing a small quantity
of oil. Any excess oil can be drained off through an
opening 13, closed by a stopper 14; 15 are outlets to the air,
and 16 is a depending tube to prevent oil getting to these
outlets ; 17 is a baffle round the upper surface of the delivery
valve, and in this baffle are holes 18, provided in order that
the level of the oil within the baffle may be the same as
that outside it. The upper end of the piston passes through
a guide 19. (Two claims.)

22081 (1914). Improvements in and relating to Fluid
Compressors. A. W. Rendell, 82, York-road, King’s Cross,
London.—Relates to compressors, and particularly to those
run' at relatively high speeds; and its object is to provide
certain improvements in the construction of the compressor,
which render it possible to dispense entirely, if desired, with
such forms of lubrication, thus enabling the crank case to
be kept practically free from oil. The improved compressor
comprises compressing pistons driven from a common crank
shaft, built up of a number of elements, so disposed as to
permit the insertion of ball bearings in the big ends of the
connecting rods, and also, if desired, in the small ends of the
connecting rods, -as such bearings can be lubricated with semi-
solid lubricants, or with comparatively small quantities of
lubricants which will not require frequent replenishing. Fig. 1
is a sectional plan showing the. arrangement of the inlet and
discharge valve mechanism; fig. 2 is a sectional end view on
the lines A—A of fig. 1. The compressor comprises a pair



of cylinders 1 and 2, with the cranks arranged at 180degs.,
the crank case 3 being composed of two portions 4 and 5, of
which 4 is formed integral with the cylinders 1 and 2, and
5 is capable of being bodily removed from the portion 4, the
division line being preferably at an angle of, say, 45 degs.
to the plane through the axis of the cylinders, as shown in
fig. 2, in order that the lower part of the casing may remain
complete with any small accumulation of matter therein
when the portion 5 of the crank case is removed to give access
to the crank shaft. The crank shaft 6 is composed of three
principal portions, two shaft members 7 and 8 extending
through the main bearings 9 of the crank casing, and each
provided with a crank 10, 11, the latter of which are united
at the centre by a double-headed cross piece 12. The crank
shaft 6 is connected to pistons 13 and 14 by means of con-
necting rods 15 and 16 respectively, both the big ends and
small ends of the connecting rods, and also the main crank
shaft bearings, comprising ball races, as will be hereinafter
described. The compressor is preferably directly driven by
an electric motor 17, connected to the crank shaft 6 of the
compressor through a suitable form of coupling, as shown
diagrammatically at 18. The inlet of fluid to and its dis-
charge from the cylinders 1 and 2 of the compressor are con-
trolled by means of suction and delivery valve arranged
within the casting 19 constituting a cover for the cylinders.

1, \ m 32 K
|1 IM*



The cylinder lubricator may be applied in any convenient
position, but preferably communicates with the air inlet
passage leading to the cylinders, as shown in fig. 2, the
cylinder lubricator being shown at 31. The big ends of 'the
connecting rods comprise ball bearings 32, which, owing to
the particular construction of the crank shaft, may be applied
to the cranks from the inner ends thereof before the inter-
mediate member, consisting of the double-headed cross piece
12, is placed in position so as to complete the crank shaft.
The double-headed cross piece 12 may be arranged to clamp
the inner member 33 of the ball bearings 32 of each connect-
ing rod end against a shoulder 34 on the crank, the double-
headed cross piece 12 being securely held in position by a
nut 35 on the inner end of each crank or in any other suitable
manner. Ball bearings 36 are arranged in circular housings
37 at each side of the casing carrying the crank shaft, the
housings of these ball bearings being formed by the two parts
of the crank casing (fig. 1), and ball bearings 38 may be
applied also at the small ends of the connecting rods sur-
rounding the pins 39 inserted through the pistons of the
compressor. In a preferred construction the pins 39 are
inserted from one side of the pistons 13 and 14, and locked in
position by screw sockets 40 inserted from the other side, a
shoulder 41 on the pin and the end of the socket 40 serving
to clamp between them the inner member 42 of the ball bear-
ings 38. If the portion 5 of the crank casing be removed,
and the crank shaft itself be uncoupled from its driving
motor, the whole crank shaft can be taken out bodily, carry-
ing with it its ball bearings, and also the connecting rods
and compressor pistons, it being, of course, possible to insert
these parts again as a single unit. The form of cylinder
lubricator employed is immaterial, but it is preferable to
employ some form of device adapted to permit of small par-
ticles of lubricant being carried into the cylinders during the
whole of the operation of the device. The small amount of
lubricant which escapes from the rear ends of the cylinders
can pass into the bottom of the crank casing, but the accumu-
lation of lubricant in the casing is found to be so small that
vaporisation of the oil is negligible, and. the troubles hitherto
associated with high-speed compressors eliminated. Another
form is also shown. (Three claims.)

22216 (1914). Improvements in Water Tube Boilers. F.
P. Palen and W. Burlingham, Newport News, County of
Warwick, Virginia, U.S.A.—Relates to water tube boilers
having an upper steam drum, of large diameter, below which,
on either side thereof, is a lower drum, said drums being
connected by upper and lower nests of curved water tubes and
intermediate nests of straight water tubes. We provide baffle
plates extending from the steam drum towards the water
drums, and so arranged at the under sides of the lower nests
of tubes that the hot gases of combustion are temporarily
pocketed between the said lower nests of tubes at the top of
the combustion chamber below the steam drum, so that the
surfaces of the lower nests of water tubes are acted on, not
only by the first combustion which takes place in proximity
to the grate, but also by the secondary combustion in the upper
portion of the combustion chamber, accompanied by the resul-
tant intense heat, which concentrates in the upper part of
the combustion chamber, in proximity to the lower portion of
the steam drum and the lower nests of water tubes. Conse-
quently, that intense heat is applied to- the inner or lower
nests of water tubes, so that
a rapid upward circulation
is created, said circulation
being downward through
the upper nests of tubes,
and prevents lodgment of
scale in the water tubes.
Further, any unconsumed
products of combustion have
ample time to commingle
with the oxygen intro-
duced into the combustion
chamber, so that a com-
plete combustion takes place
in the upper combustion ch
suction of, the draught carrying off the consumed gases.. The

owing to the reverberatory action
amber prior to the action of the

3?^

33

lower nests of tubes, being initially very highly heated, cause
a rapid upper circulation. The heat is lost very rapidly .as
the products of combustion pass around and above the upper
baffle plates, the result being to increase the circulation and
steaming capacity of the boiler, so that all the heat units are
utilised to a maximum extent. The figure represents a
vertical section. 1 and 2 designate lower water drums sup-
ported upon a suitable boiler setting or brickwork 3 and 4,
within which is contained the grate; 6 is a steam drum of
relatively large diameter, and supported in any suitable
manner, said drum being connected to the lower water drums
by the lower nests of curved water tubes 7 and 8; 9 and 10
are upper nests of curved water tubes, common to said water
drums 1 and 2 and said steam drum, the spaces intermediate
said curved nests of water tubes being occupied by nests of
straight water tubes 11 and 12; 23 designates baffle plates
supported in proximity to the nests of straight tubes 11 and 12
respectively, so as to extend upwardly from the lower water
drums; 22 designates lower inclined baffle plates, which
extend in a downward direction from the steam drum 6, so
that a pocket 17 is formed at the under side of the lower nests
of tubes at the top of the combustion chamber; whilst 24
designates upper inclined baffle plates, which extend in a
downward direction from the steam drum 6, and by means of
which and the baffle plates 22, tortuous passages are formed
between the nests of tubes for the products of combustion; 20
and 21 designate circulating pipes, which connect the lower
portion of the interior of the steam drum 6 with the water
drums 1 and 2. The baffle plates 22 will direct the hot gases
and products of combustion first to the inner nest of tubes to
cause the water to ascend, resulting in descent in the outer
nests of tubes, which are exposed to the less heated gases.
(Six claims.)

22130 (1914). Improvements in Screw Operated Sliding
Stop Valves. T. E. Mitton, Oozells-street North,
Birmingham.—Has reference to screw operated sliding stop
valves for controlling the flow of steam, air, water, or other
fluid. The stop valves to which this invention relates are of
that kind in which the passage through the valve body is
opened and closed by a pair of flat faced valves sliding over
flat valve faces, and operated by an internal screw and nut,
the two valves being by a coiled wire spring or springs
pressed outwardly (against the opposed two circular flat valve
faces fixed in the body. The invention comprises an
improved combination and arrangement of the central inter-
mediate part and plate and valves and springs, whereby the
valve discs, whilst being maintained at the proper distance
apart by said plate when in the open position of the valve,
are so arranged that they can turn independently of onp
another, and can otherwise adjust themselves so as to fit
properly against the valve faces and also ensure a tight
closure without any fear of the valves being overstrained or
pinched by the turning of the screw. Fig. 1 is a sectional
side elevation of a screw operated sliding stop valve; fig. 2
is a front elevation of the intermediate central part of the
valve; fig. 3 is a plan; and fig. 4 is a sectional side elevation.
A is the valve body furnished with the usual two circular
flat faced seating rings 1, 2, each forming a circular flat
valve face arranged parallel with one another at a convenient
distance apart. B1, B2 are the two disc-like slide valves
which fit against and close the openings in the valve faces
1, 2.	0 is the said central intermediate part which is

provided to carry the two valves B1, B2. This central inter-
mediate part G is a hollow body, having on each of its two
outside faces an annular rib. These two annular ribs are
marked respectively 3 and 4, and they engage loosely with
corresponding annular ribs 5, 6, formed respectively on the

backs of the two valves B1, B2, so as to cause the valves,
to move up and down with the intermediate part C. Within
these annular ribs are situated two coiled wire springs D1,
D2 in compression, the ends of which bear respectively
•against the backs of the valves B1, B2 and the opposed faces
6, 7 of the central intermediate part C, so as to press the
valves B1, B2 against the faces of the seating rings 1, 2,
and thus make a proper closure as aforesaid. The body 0
is shaped so as to project at 9 beyond the periphery of the
valves B1, B2, this projecting part 9 is furnished with a
nut 10, with which the operating screw 11 engages. The
portion 12 of the central intermediate part C which is
opposite to the screw 11 is, as heretofore, made long enough
to bear against a part 13 of the valve body A when the valve
discs have been screwed down far enough to be in their
central closed position, so that the lower end 14 of the
intermediate central part C forms a stop to prevent the
intermediate part C and the valves B1, B2 being screwed
down too far. Moreover, the forcing of the intermediate
part 0 against the valve body 13 by the screw does not
have any effect in straining or distorting the valves B1, B2,
which at all times are free to be moved outwardly by the
springs D1, D2, and pressed properly against the valve
faces 1,2. In order to maintain the upper parts of the valve
discs at the proper distance apart when the valves B1, B2
are screwed right up into their open position in the cover
F of the valve body, and only their lower portions will be
bearing against the valve faces 1, 2, and at the same time
allow the valve discs turning thereon; a cross plate E is
furnished in the top part 9 of the intermediate central part
0, which is made to project horizontally at each side of the
intermediate part C, and has its end portions 15, 16 bent
downwardly, and so shaped as to engage in the annular
grooves 17, 18, which are turned in the peripheries of the
two slide valves B1, B2 respectively, thus preventing the