June 18, 1915. THE COLLIERY GUARDIAN. 1295 dangerous use of dynamite and the like. The present inven- tion is chiefly to obtain a greater amount or length of action or travel for the rams, with certain other improve- ments. According to the invention the cylinders in which the rams work are elongated in cross-section, and are arranged longitudinally so as to project laterally from the body or bar when in operation, the part of the ram which bears against the coal or rock telescoping into the part of the ram nearer the bar. In this manner a large bearing against the rock or coal is obtained. Big. 1 is a longi- tudinal elevation in section of an appliance for a series of three rams; fig. 2, plan of same from underside, with rams removed from two of the chambers ; fig 3, section on line x—x ot fig. 1 with rams closed; fig. 4, end elevation of fig. 1 with rams in extension. (One claim.) 10612 (1914). Improvements in the Manufacture of Ammonia. G. Calvert, of 100, Evering-road, Stoke Newing- ton, London, N.—Relates to the manufacture of ammonia by causing nitrogen and hydrogen to unite under the action of heat and pressure in the presence of a suitable catalyst. According to the invention the action is promoted by moving the catalyst or heater or both relatively to the hydrogen and nitrogen within a reaction chamber, the movements being effected by means of an enclosed motor. In practice a large number of small reaction chambers are placed side by side, as, owing to the high pressures employed, it is not advisable to use large units. Bigs. 1 and 2 are vertical sections through different forms of units. (Two claims.) 15027 (1914). An Improved Method and Apparatus for Regulating Multi-cylinder Steam Engines or Coupled Steam Turbines. E. Schou, of 19, Thorvaldsensvej, Copen- hagen, Denmark.—Relates to a method and apparatus for regulating multi-cylinder steam engines or coupled turbines, from which some of the steam is taken for heating or other purposes of the kind, in which the regulation of the flow of steam through the engine is effected by means of a speed governor and a pressure regulator actuated by the pressure of the steam in the compartment from which the steam for heating is taken, the said governor and regulator being so connected to one another that either can move wholly inde- pendently of the other. According to the invention, the arrangement is such that the speed governor and pressure regulator so control the supply of steam used by the engine that the admission of steam to all of the various sections of the engine is simultaneously cut off if the speed governor alone occupies the position corresponding ti the maximum number of revolutions, independently of the position of the pressure regulator. Such an arrangement is essential in cases where, for the purpose of supplementing the steam withdrawn from the receiver for heating purposes, provision is made for admitting directly to the receiver steam from the generators. In such cases, when the load on the engine is small, there is danger of the steam, thus directly admitted passing into the low-pressure cylinder, and thus causing the engine to race. Such a possibility, in view of the arrangement above described, is precluded by the present invention. Big. 1 is a diagram explanatory of the system of links and levers employed for connecting the speed governor and the pressure regulator. Big. 2 shows in side elevation diagrammatically the cylinders of a compound steam engine, in which the valve gear of the low-pressure cylinder is actuated both by the speed governor and the pressure regulator, while the valve gear of the high- pressure cylinder is actuated solely by the speed governor. Big. 3 shows diagrammatically in front elevation, on an enlarged scale, the connections for the low-pressure cylinder. (Eour claims.) . 16692 (1914). Improvements relating to Explosives. W. Rintoul, N. Picton, D. H. Peacock, all of Ardeer Factory, Stevenston, Ayrshire, N.B., and of Nobel’s Explosives Com- pany Limited, manufacturers, of 195, West George-street, Glasgow, Scotland.—Relates to explosives used for deto- nating and for shattering and blasting purposes, and has especially for its object to provide improved materials for charging detonators, shells, torpedo-heads, or the like. It has been ascertained that in the class of bodies which may be generically termed nitrated furoxans of benzene, naphtha- lene, and like ring bodies or their homologues (see, for instance, Green and Rowe, Transactions of the Chemical Society, 1913, pp. 897 and 2023) there are bodies having properties rendering them advantageous for use in the con- nections . above referred to. Thus, di-nitro-di-nitroso benzene is, owing to its degree of sensitiveness to shock and the like, well adapted to be used in the manufacture of detonators in the same way as, for instance, tetryl—i.e., trinitro phenyl methyl nitramine and tetranitraniline are at present used in substitution for part of the fulminate of mercury. Again, this substance may with advantage be used for other purposes, for which substances such as tetryl and trinitrotoluene are used, as under test it has been found to give an expansion in the Trauzl block of 36'1 cc. per gramme, as compared with 30’0 cc. for standard dynamite. In addition to the above substances, others of the nitrated furoxans of benzene, naphthalene, and their homologues (such as dinitro-tolufuroxan, nitro-naphthofuroxan) become available for the purposes above referred to. In addition, the salt-like compounds which the nitro-furoxans form, such as the addition compounds produced when they are mixed, in alcoholic solution, with alcoholic potash or soda, or salts of other metals derived from these potassium or sodium salts, may be used for the purposes referred to above. These compounds can be used as initiators of detonation in complete substitution for the fulminate of mercury now employed in the manufacture of detonators, and not merely as priming charges in partial substitution for the fulminate of mercury. This invention consists, therefore, broadly in the employment of bodies of the kind described as -or in the manufacture of explosives. As examples of compositions which would be suitable for use as blasting explosives, the following are mentioned :— Parts by weight. (A) Potassium perchlorate...... 12’8 Nitroglycerine............... 31’5 - Liquid nitrobody of suitable composition ................... 13’5 A Dinitro-benzo-furoxan........ 9*0 Nitrocotton .................. 1*0 Woodmeal....................... 22 100*0 The liquid nitrobody referred to may be nitrotoluene or a mixture of such that it remains liquid at low temperatures. (B) Ammonium nitrate .......... 80 Dinitro-tolu-furoxan........... 20 100 ' (Three claims.) 17731 (1914). Improvements in Brick-making Machines. T. O. Partridge, of Saville-street, Gore Hill, North Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.—Relates to dry press brick- making machines, and has for its object to increase the time in which the brick undergoes compression, reduce friction, eliminate shock, and give an increased capacity. It consists of two drums, in which moulds are radially constructed, and which moulds may be of any desired shape. The drums are keyed to a shaft, which revolves in bearings in a suitable frame bolted to a sole plate. In the moulds inner and oiiter plungers operate. The inner ones are operated by a circular roller free to revolve on a fixed shaft, Ik ■zo JR ■ fete r , J” _ \A A'A Ao ' 13 fete , . <2 . i / i-6 : MH ZO in adjustable bearings, which shaft is parallel with, but eccentrically situated in relation to the shaft before men- tioned. The outer plungers are controlled by a circular roller, ^ree to revolve in adjustable bearings in a frame secured to the sole plate. Big. 1 is a side elevation of the machine, showing at G, G the position of the moulds in drum 1 in staggered relation to the moulds in drum 2; fig. 2 a front elevation, in which the part A is shown in full, and the part B, a section at C,D, showing the outer plungers and circular surfaces in full; fig. 3 is a side view of one of the drums to a reduced scale ;fig. 4 a section of the same atE,E. (Seven claims.) 17629 (1914). Improvements in or relating to Grinling or Crushing Machinery. A. H. Moss, of Myrtle Villa, Misterton, Gainsborough, Nottingham.—Relates to grinding or crushing machinery of the kind described in specification No. 3258 of 1914, comprising a horizontal ring with a con- cave upper face supported on three or more rollers, of which one is driven, and one or more grinding rollers, revolving on swivelling shafts and pressed to the concave face of the ring, the object being to provide improvements in such earlier invention—namely, improved means for driving one of the grinding rollers, for pressing them on the face of the grinding ring, and for passing a current of air through the machine to recover the fine suspended dust. Big. 1 is a sectional elevation of grinding or crushing machinery according to the invention; fig. 2 is a plan of fig. 1 with the dust-cover removed. 18381 (1914). Improvements in and relating to Gas Pro- ducers, Blastfurnaces or the like. T. Bairdow, of Severn- holm, Manselton, Swansea, Glamorgan, South Wales.— Relates to gas producers, more particularly of the pressure type, blastfurnaces and the like. It has hitherto been proposed in the construction of gas producers to provide a perforated steam pipe in the form of a ring surrounding the orifice of the access openings, so that when the cover of any of such openings is removed a number of steam jets are directed into the opening, thus preventing the egress of gas or flame therefrom. In such arrangements as have hitherto been proposed, the perforations in the steam pipe were of circular form. The object of the present invention is to provide an improved device'of the type above indicated, in which the inspection of the interior of the producer or the like through the access openings is facilitated owing to the character of the fluid jets employed. The invention con- sists in a device in which a plurality of horizontal slits are spaced round the circumference of the ring so that the issuing jets may be of a divergent fish-tailed form. Big. 1 shows in sectional elevation part of the head of a gas pro- ducer, having an access opening controlled in accordance with the present invention; fig. 2 being a detail inverted plan view of the sealing ring, with issuing jets. (Three claims.) MEW PATENTS CONNECTED WITH THE COAL AND IRON TRADES. Applications for Patents. 8395. Process for the production of toluol, benzol, and other hydrocarbons. W. Anderson and J. Meikle. 8399. Weighing apparatus. H. Layton. 8402 and 8403. Tool and tool bar for metal cutting opera- tions. J. T. Murphy. 8404. Eluid meters and recorders. S. A. de Normanville. 8407. Rail joints. H. A. Gill. (Hatfield Rail Joint Manufacturing Company, U.S.A.) 8432. Tubular heat interchanging apparatus. E. L. Pease. 8455. Mining machines. E. C. Morgan. 8458. Means for joining up the ends of electrical conduits. E. W. Uren and A. Gamble. 8470. Means for increasing the burning and thermal pro- perties of coal. B. Crowther, junr. 8485. Centrifugal compressors. British Thomson-Houston Company Limited. (General Electric Company, U.S.A.) 8499. Water level regulator for steam boilers and the like. E. Sieger. 8506. Combined shovel and pick. L. Antchiz. 8507. Construction and operation of gas generating apparatus. H. A. Carpenter and Riter-Conley Manufacturing Company. 8515. Points for tramways and the like purposes. Edgar Allen and Company Limited, and G. H. Lock wood. 8545. Explosive material and the use of the same. L. Lewis. 8563. Haulage clips. J. W. Smallman. 8565. Suspension glands and cappels for guide ropes and the like for pit shafts. E. A. Davies. 8570. Boiler and similar furnaces. H. Stansfield. 8587. Apparatus for treating coal wash water and the like. W. Hargreaves, M. Charlton, R. Wilson, and W. M. Mackey.