982 .

THE COLLIERY GUARDIAN.

May 7, 1915.

which is substantially less than the stroke displacement of
the ram. Fig. 1 is an elevation view, showing the slow
moving reciprocating pump portion of a pumping plant
embodying the invention as applied to a well pump; fig. 2
is a plan of fig. 1; fig. 3 is an elevation view, showing a
form of fast running prime mover and air vessel, comprising

p
412

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the other portion of a pumping plant embodying the inven-
tion; fig. 4 is a plan of fig. ’3; fig. 5 is a” sectional view
through a valve, suitable for use in connection with the
hydraulic rams employed in pumping plants, embodying the
invention. (Four claims.)

11246 (1914). Improvements in or Relating to Purification
ofi Gas. H. F. Smith, of No. 1, Short-street, Lexington,
Richland County, Ohio, U.S.A.—Relates to an improvement
in the purification of gas, and the object is to pass the gas
through a pervious diaphragm or medium under suitable
pressure, so that particles, such as tar, will come in contact
with the diaphragm, and be caused to coalesce and precipi-
tate, the attraction of the tar particles and the precipitation
of the particles (or any other particles that may be present
in the gas) on the pervious medium being caused by passing
the gas through a diaphragm at a sufficient velocity to create
friction or static electricity to attract the particles. The
pervious diaphragm does not act after the manner of a filter

because a filter entraps and retains the particles, whereas the
object of this diaphragm is to cause the coalescence of the
particles contained or carried by the gas, so that after they
coalesce and are increased in size, due to the coalescence
and agglomeration, they will be carried through the
porous diaphragm by the velocity of the gas passing through
the diaphragm, and as the particles have now become
heavier than the gas, due to their increased size, they will
drop out by gravity and separate themselves from the gas.
Fig. 1 is -a view of the apparatus showing some of the parts
in section and others in elevation; fig. 2 is an enlarged
detail vertical sectional view, showing the manner of con-
necting the casing and cage, and the mounting of the
diaphragm in the cage. (Five claims.)

11345 (1914). Improvements in Composite Briquette Fuel.
E. Eaton, 115, Cannon-street, London, E.C.—The object is
the production of composite briquette fuel as follows : Chalk,
88 per cent. ; solidified tar, 12 per cent. This mixture is
then thoroughly ground and mixed together, and during the
mixing about from 2 to 5 per cent, of petroleum or naphtha
oils from tar or other oils is added. The mixture is then
conveyed to a mixing machine, where steam carrying or
impregnated with the gases or vapours, arising from having
previously brought the steam in contact with petroleum or
other oils, by passing the steam through a closed tank con-
taining such oils, which will be vapourised by such hot
steam, then comes in contact with the chalk and the solidified
tar in the aforesaid mixer. The said tank may contain a
coit for heating the oil therein. When thoroughly impreg-
nated with the enriched steam, the mass is briquetted or
pressed into blocks in the usual manner, ready for use as
fuel. (Two claims.)

12721 (1914). Improvements in and Relating to Elec-
trical Signalling Apparatus. W. A. Heyes and L. 0. Heyes,
both of Water-Heyes Electrical Works, Riverside, Wigan,
Lancashire. —■ Relates to improvements - in signalling
apparatus, more particularly of the type described in previous
patent, No. 17630/1909, in which the signals are sent by a
number of separate impulses, and in which the first impulse
releases the indicating mechanism, and also is recorded or
indicated as a separate impulse, so that each time the signal
sent corresponds to the number of impulses, whatever the
original position of the indicator. Usually in apparatus of
this type electro-magnets are employed, the actuation of one
of which serves to start the releasing mechanism, and of
another which serves to actuate the indicating mechanism.
In such devices there is a possibility that particularly when
the pointer is indicating a position corresponding to a large
number of impulses, that the registering or recording elec-
tro-magnet may be actuated before the releasing mechanism

has brought the pointer to zero, and the object of the present
invention is to avoid this by ensuring that the registering or
recording electro-magnet cannot be operated until the pointer
has come back to the zero position. According to the inven-
tion, the indicating mechanism co-acts with the registering
or recording electro-magnet, so that on the receipt of the first
impulse the registering or recording electro-magnet cannot
be actuated until after the indicating mechanism has
returned to the zero position. Preferably the registering or
recording electro-magnet is adapted to be actuated at the
exact instant at which the releasing mechanism has restored
the apparatus to its original position. For this purpose the
circuit of the registering or recording electro-magnet
is only made when the indicating mechanism is at
its original position, this circuit being re-made at
a second point on the breaking of the circuit of
the releasing electro-magnet. This is attained by means of
a slow 'acting switch, which will only re-make the circuit of





the releasing electro-magnet after a sufficient interval to
allow of the complete sending of the signal. Fig. 1 shows
a sketch of an application of the invention to apparatus of
the type described in patent No. 17630/1909; while fig. 2
shows a diagram of connections. (Six claims.)

13138 (1914). Improvements in Safety Explosives. D. J.
Metcalfe, A. C. Pearcy, and Curtis’s and Harvey Limited,
all of 110, Cannon-street, London.—The object is to produce
an improved explosive with a high charge limit, and with a
high standard of ballistic strength, which, among other
merits, will have that of offering advantages in respect of
safety in gaseous or dusty mines. It has been discovered
that the admixture of nitrate of ammonia, nitro-glycerine,
collodion cotton, starch, chloride of sodium, castor oil, and
oxalate of ammonia in substantially the proportions herein-
after referred to, has the effect of producing an explosive able
to pass what are known as the Rotherham Government tests
with a high charge limit, and while of great strength, is
so little liable to produce ignition when exploded as to be
advantageous for use in gaseous or dusty coal mines, as well
as for other purposes. The following may be given as a
typical example of the composition (in parts) of the new
explosive:—Nitrate of ammonia, 60; nitro-glycerine, 9-5;
collodion cotton, 0*5; starch, 4; chloride of sodium, 15;
castor oil, 1; oxalate of ammonia, 10. Experiments show
tjiat the respective proportions of the chloride of sodium and
oxalate of ammonia may be varied to the extent of reversing
the respective proportions of these ingredients—thus 10 to 15
parts of chloride of sodium and 15 to 10 parts of oxalate of
ammonia may be used. But it is desirable that the total
quantities of these two ingredients shall not substantially
fall below 25 per cent, of the whole composition of the explo-
sive, nor substantially exceed that proportion. (Two
claims.)

18791 (1914). An Improvement in Apparatus for the
Settlement or Settlement and Classification of Finely
Divided Ore or other Solid Substance Suspended in a Liquid.
F. H. Wright, of 263, Milk wood-road, Herne Hill, London.
—Relates to apparatus of the type consisting of a vessel or
vessels having the shape of an inverted pyramid, cone, or
other figure substantially triangular in cross section, and
provided with an orifice or orifices at its lowest point or their
lowest points, and into which the liquid carrying the finely
divided ore or other substance is fed by known means at the
top, the settled, or settled and classified ore, or other sub-
stance being discharged at the orifice or orifices at the lowest-
point of the apparatus, together with a portion of the liquid,
the remainder of the liquid, with or without a portion of the

FIG I

ore or other substance, overflowing or being withdrawn by
suitable means at the top of the apparatus. The object is to
prevent such adhesion of masses of ore or other substance to
the inner surface of such vessels, and the consequent irregu-
larity in the working of such apparatus. Fig. 1 is a part
sectional elevation of an apparatus constructed in accordance
with the invention; and fig. 2 is a sectional detail, drawn to
an enlarged scale. The vessels are formed with double walls
for the whole or a part of their depth. The inner walls A
are formed of a suitable known porous material suitably
supported. The outer walls B are formed of wood, metal,
or any other suitable known impermeable material. The
space C between the said inner walls A and the said outer
walls B forms a chamber, which chamber’ is, by way of
pipe D, in communication with a supply of an appropriate
liquid E, having a greater head or pressure than that of the
liquid in the interior of the vessel. The effect of this greater
pressure or head is to cause the liquid in the chamber C to

percolate through the porous inner walls A. The liquid
percolating in this manner through the porous walls A forms
a constant thin film of such liquid upon such inner surfaces
of the vessel as are provided with inner porous walls as
described. This thin film of liquid being interposed between
the said inner surface and any particles of the finely divided
ore or other substance which may tend to settle upon such
surface, prevents such particles of ore or other substance
adhering to the said inner surface, thus obviating the.accu-
mulation of masses of ore or other substance upon said sur-
face of. the vessel and the consequent irregularity in or
suspension of the working of the apparatus. (Three claims.)

19515 (1914). Improvements in Jigging Trough and like
Conveyors for Use in Mines. Sir Wm. E. Garforth, of
Snydale Hall, Pontefract, and G. W. Bousfield, of Stennard
Works, Wakefield, Yorkshire. — Relates to compressed air
operated conveyors of the jigging trough or shaker type for
use in mines, 'and particularly to that kind in which the
troughing is caused to reciprocate to and fro in one direction
by -a power stroke and in the reverse direction by gravity.
In conveyors of the type referred to, the primary motion is
obtained from a reciprocating piston. From this primary
source a lever (or system of levers) transmits the power to
the troughing which is to be reciprocated, such lever (or
levers) being usually so devised that the length of stroke
may be varied. It has been common for the fulcrum of the
actuating lever to be carried by an independent prop secured
between the floor and the roof of the mine, the relative posi-
tion of which to that of the compressed air motor has to be

found every time the conveyor is set up, so as to insure the
proper motion being imparted to the troughing. Defining
the relative position of the said prop requires experience and
some trouble in erection, and has resulted in conveyors of
this type being unsatisfactory. The invention provides an
arrangement of compressed air operated conveyor which is
self-contained, and wherein the position of the aforesaid
fulcrum is always a fixed point, and has not to be found by
experiment, and, according to the said invention, the said
fulcrum of the actuating lever is carried from a horizontal
frame or base plate either forming part of, or detachably
secured or pivoted to, the same frame or base plate which
carries the compressed air motor. Fig. 1 is a plan view;
fig. 2 an end elevation of one form of construction ; fig. 3 is a
plan view; and fig. 4 an elevation showing another form of
construction of the invention, particularly adapted to condi-
tions wdiere the frame shown at figs. 1 and 2 could not be
conveniently used. (Three claims.)

20232 (1914). Improvements in Furnaces for Supplying
Heated Air and Gas Employed in Drying Processes. The
Staveley Goal and Iron Company Limited, c* Barrow Hill,
near Chesterfield, and C. P. Markham, of Ring wood Hall,
Chesterfield.—Relates to furnaces of a kind adapted for the
supply of hot furnace gases mixed with hot air for drying
purposes in foundries and similar places, and provided with
means for the regulated supply of air under pressure both
above and below the fire, such air being heated in the course
of its passage to the fire. The body of the improved furnace,
which is of the non-portable type, is built chiefly of bricks,
firebrick being employed in the combustion chamber and flues
which are subjected to high temperatures, and metallic
fittings being used where necessary or convenient as in other
types of furnaces. The invention consists in the particular
arrangement and construction of the combustion chamber,

air supply ports, passages, and conduits of such a furnace
for supplying heated air and gas for drying purposes, and
one of the essential objects in the construction of the furnace
is to provide means by which the volume and temperature
of the effluent gas may be regulated to suit the purposes and
conditions for which it is employed, and also to provide a
furnace in which low grade fuels can be consumed. Fig. 1
is a sectional elevation, the left hand half being taken on the
line E—F, and the right hand half on the line G—H, fig. 2;
fig. 2 is a side elevation taken through the centre of the
furnace, wholly in section; fig. 3 is a plan also in section on
the line A—B, fig. 1; fig. 4 is likewise a plan view in section
on the line C—D, fig. 2. (Two claims.)

21276 (1914). Improvements in or Relating to Rock Drill-
ing Engines. J. M. Holman and J. L. Holman, both of