910

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THE COLLIERY GUARDIAN.

April 30, 1915.

The above kind of coke was observed in the explosion of
Futase Colliery in February 1913.

The fifth kind of coke is next found. This kind of
coke is formed where the flame of the explosion has
lingered, and adhering coked dust has ignited the coal
ribs, sufficient oxygen being present for the combustion
to continue. It requires care not to mistake this stage
as a point of greatest intensity of the explosion.

When the coke is cooled in transit through the air,
it loses its plastic property, and falls down to the foot
of the prop after striking the lee-side face of it, and
forms there a pyramid, as in fig. 11

When the explosive wave penetrates into a room or a
portion of the mine and fades away, the supply of

Fig. 10.—Section of Gallery.

a = Coked dust adhering1 to coal rib, where it
causes an ignition.

Fig. 11.—Section of Gallery.
a — Coke pyramid.

Fig. 12.—Section of Gallery.
a, a = Stalactitic carbon.

oxygen becomes insufficient to allow complete combus-
tion; then the coke particles are-found hanging in long
threads from the roof. This is evidently the result of
subsequent deposition of coke particles in still air, and
is called stalactitic carbon, as shown in fig. 12.

The investigation of the direction of the explosive
wave was performed according to the above standard
principles, taking into consideration the amount of
adhering coke dust, its position, form, the situation of
blown off materials which had been existing in the
gallery, falling down roof. This investigation was
started immeditely after the explosion, progressed with
the exploratory work of the mine, and has continued
up to the present day.

(To be continued.)

____________________________

Hull Coal Exports.—The official return of the exports of
coal from Hull abroad for the week ending Tuesday,
April 20, is as follows :—Assens, 2,127 tons ; Copenhagen,
627; Calais, 772; Christiania, 664; Dieppe, 644; Dunkirk,
3,374; Harlingen, 746; Haugesund, 200; Havre, 654; Hon-
fleur, 537; Monte Video, 3,645; Bouen, 24,145; Botterdam,
1,213; Saxkjobing, 787; Treport, 1,374—total, 45,432 tons.
The above figures do not include bunker coal, shipments for
the British Admiralty, nor the Allies’ Governments.
Corresponding period, April 1914 (period of the South York-
shire miners’ strike)—total, 2,598 tons.

Immingham Coal Exports.—Beturns for the week ending
April 23, 1915, show that the coal exported from Immingham
consisted of the following :—Foreign : To Aalborg, 1,600
tons; Buenos Ayres, 2,020; Calais, 1,164; Copenhagen,
1,570; Dieppe, 637; Gefle, 6,152; Gothenburg, 1,350; Oxelo-
sund, 1,624; Botterdam, 5,409; and Stockholm, 931 tons.
Coastwise : To Bamsgate, 210 tons; making a total of 22,457
tons foreign and 210 tons, coastwise, compared with 2,301
tons foreign and 2,480 tons coastwise during the correspond-
ing week of last year.

The British Association.—For the meeting of the British
Association to be held in Manchester from September 7 to 11,
under the presidency of Prof. Arthur Schuster, the follow-
ing sectional presidents have been appointed :—Mathematics
and physics, Sir F. W. Dyson; chemistry, Prof. H. B.
Baker; geology, Prof. Grenville Cole; zoology, Prof. E. A.
Minchin; geography, Capt. H. G. Byons; economics, Dr.
W. B. Scott; engineering, Dr. H. S. Hole Shaw; anthro-
pology, Dr. C. G. Seligman; physiology, Prof. W. M.
Bayliss; botany, Prof. W. H. Dang; education, Mrs.
Henry Sidgwick; and agriculture, Mr. B. H. Bew.

APPROVED SAFETY LAMPS.

In pursuance of section 33 of the Coal Mines Act,
1911, the Home Secretary has made an Order approving
certain new types of safety lamps until further order,
for use in all mines to which the Act applies, subject in
each case to the conditions specified in the Schedule.

The Order may be cited as “ The-Safety Lamps Order
of March 16, 1915.”

Flame Safety Lamp for General Use.

Mr. J. H. Naylor's Marsaut “ L” Lamp.

The description of the Marsaut “ L ” lamp is the
same as the description^ of the “ Bifold Burner
Marsaut ” and Marsaut “ A ” lamps, with the following
variations:—

(1.) Gauzes.

Internal dimensions.

Height from shoulder

of base ring .......

Diameter at top_____

Diameter at bottom ..

(2.) Glass.

External diameter ....

Height .............

Size mark...........

Outer gauze. Inner gauze.

4 in. ± in.
l|in. ± ihin
If in ± fain-

3^ in. ± A in
I,7,, in. ± in,
l^in. ± ih in.

=:

54 mm. ± i mm.
53-54 or J.H.N.8

The lamp must have been made at tbe works of Mr. J.
H. Naylor, at Wigan.

That the lamp shall have marked upon it its name
and the name of the maker.

Flame Safety Lamp for Use by Officials Only.

Mr. J. H. Naylor’s Marsaut “LI” Lamp.”

The Marsaut “LI” lamp is a modification of the
Marsaut “ L ” lamp, and the description of the “LI”
lamp is the same as the description of the “ L ” lamp,
with the following variations :—

(1.) The Bonnet, Middle Bing, Bottom Bing, and Oil
Vessel may be of aluminium.

(2.) The Gauzes may be of copper in the case of lamps
used for surveying purposes.

Roadway Lamps.

Mr. J. H. Naylor’s Boadway Lamps Nos. 1 and 2.

These lamps are double gauze, flame, oil lamps, with
air-feed through vertical holes in the middle ring. Each
consists of the following essential parts :—

(1.) Bonnet or Shield of riveted steel with crown
fastened thereto ; or of seamless steel, crown and bonnet
being in one piece; or with crown of brass or steel
supported on three or more steel pillars, tbe bonnet, of
riveted steel, being removable and locked to the crown
by a lead-rivet lock (Lamp No. 2) ; furnished with out-
let holes round the top (provided that the lower edges
of the holes are not less than T3K in. above the top of the
outer gauze), with or without a baffle ring.

(2.) Middle or Pillar Bing of brass, steel or iron,
provided with vertical air-inlet holes of total area not
exceeding 1’5 sq. in. Pillars of brass, steel or iron, 5, so
arranged that a straight line touching the exterior part
of consecutive pillars does not touch the glass. Bottom
or Loch Bing of brass, steel or iron.

Fig. 1.—Boadway Lamps, Nos. 1 and 2.

(J. H. Naylor.)

Sectional elevation of lamp bottom, showing 5-fold
circular burners.

(3.) Gauzes of not less than 28 S.W.G steel wire, 784
meshes to the square inch, with flame-tight folded lap
or steel-protected seams formed to fit flanges of the
inner and outer base rings, and so secured to the same
by punch indentations or by rivets as to make strong
and flame-tight joints. The arrangement of the gauzes
in the lamps is such that tbe gauze rings form the
seating necessary to hold the glass firmly in position
when the retaining ring is screwed home, thus preventing
the possibility of the lamps being put together without
tbe gauzes.

Internal dimensior s. Outer gauze. Inner gauze.

Height from shoulder of

base ring ......... 6i in.	± | in.	5 in,	± | in.

Diameter at top.......	2| in.	± in.	2 in.	± in.

Diameter at bottom...	2| in.	± in.	2{ in.	± flg in.

A Mueseler chimney and horizontal gauze may be
substituted for the inner gauze, the horizontal gauze
forming a flame-tight connection with the Mueseler

* See Colliery Guardian, September 26, 1913, p. 643.

chimney, and the dimensions of the latter being as
follows:—

Length above horizontal gauze, not less than 3| in.

Length below horizontal gauze, not less than j in.

Diameter at top, not greater than j in.

Diameter at bottom, not greater than 2| in.

(4.) Glass of an approved type, cylindrical in form and
within the dimension limits and bearing one of the size
marks specified below. Furnished with top and bottom
asbestos washers to ensure flame-tight joints with tbe
gauzes and the retaining ring.

External diameter ....... 78 mm. { * ? imn'
Height .................. 82| mm. ± | mm.
Size mark................. 78 x 82’5 or J.H.N. 7.

(5.) Glass Betaining Bing of brass screw-threaded to
fit the bottom ring.

(6.) Oil Vessel. A solid casting of brass, or with a
separate securely soldered brass bottom, of capacity
sufficient to provide the required light for the required
time as specified below; fitted with two flat burners,
■fL, f, or f in., provided or not with a domed shield; or
fitted with a porcelain body, and, in the case of lamps
constructed to burn petroleum, with five or more circular
burners side by side, as shown in fig. 1.

(7.) Locking Device. A lead-rivet lock with a hasp or
lug securely fastened to the bottom ring by a sliding
band or otherwise, or to a pillar, and a staple or lug
securely soldered to the oil-vessel.

(8.) Beflector. The lamps may be fitted with a remov-
able reflector.

Electric Safety Lamps for General Use.

The “ Pearson ” Miners’ Electric Safety Lamp.

The “ Pearson ” Miners’ Electric Safety Lamp, the
general design of which is shown in fig. 2, possesses the
following essential features :—

(1.) A. battery case of sheet steel (tinned), securely
welded, with brass bottom; or a stamped and drawn
steel case fitted with a soldered and riveted brass or
steel upper ring which is provided with slots for a
bayonet joint for attaching the cover.

(2.) A cover fitted with:—(i.) A bayonet joint, flame-
tight; (ii.) a magnetic lock so constructed that the
plunger can only be drawn by applying the pole of a
powerful electro-magnet to the top of the lock; (iii.) a
bulb, protecting glass (with rubber cushions), pillars and
crown; (iv.) two inner plates of vulcanised fibre, one
carrying (by means of a spring terminal in the lamp-
holder) the current from the positive pole (which is the

Fig. 2.—The Pearson Miners’ Electric
Safety Lamp.

centre terminal of the accumulator) and fully insulated
from the other, larger, piece conveying the current from
the negative terminal of the accumulator by contact
with a stamped and slotted brass plate sunk in the fibre.

This last-named arrangement is one of the principal
features of the lamp, since only the slotted brass plate
need be removed in order to replace damaged bulbs;
this is effected by slightly loosening (by hand) two
small nuts.

(3.) An electrical accumulator the terminals of which
may be:—(i.) Of the spring and plunger pattern, in
which case there is a collar on the terminal nut to
enable the spring and plunger to be withdrawn (for
cleaning) by releasing the nut; (ii.) spiral springs with
rubbing contacts.

The construction of the accumulator is such that
there is no escape of liquid, whatever the position of the
lamp, whilst allowing the free escape of gas generated
by chemical action.

(4.) A spiral spring placed in the bottom of the outer
case to act as a buffer for the accumulator to rest on.

It is provided that the total weight of the lamp shall
be not more than 41, lb. The lamp must have been made
at the works of Messrs. G. Pearson and Sons Limited,
at Abbott-road, Poplar, London, E.