536

THE COLLIERY GUARDIAN.

September 4, 1914.

NEW COMPANIES.

Granule Machinery Company Limited.—Private company.
Registered office, Waterloo-place, Crowthorne, Berkshire.
Registered August 22. To manufacture, produce, trade, and
deal in machinery, plant, articles, and appliances. Nominal
capital, £500 in shares. Permanent director, C. W.
Marks, Sturges-road, Wokingham, Berks, engineer.

Gregory (Thomas) and Company Limited.—Private com-
pany. Registered August 24. Iron founders, mechanical
engineers, tool makers, brass founders, metal workers, boiler
makers, millwrights, machinists, etc. Nominal capital,
£5,000 in £1 shares. Directors and subscribers (one share
each) :—T. Gregory; A. Brundrett, 44, Plasturton-gafdens,
Cardiff, engineer.

Thermotic Applications Limited.—Registered August 28.
Mechanical engineers, iron founders, manufacturers of
machinery and tools. Nominal capital, £'2,000 in 1,900 ordi-
nary £1 shares, and 2,000 deferred Is. shares. Minimum sub-
scription, £7. Directors : J. M. Cole, 104, Upper Waltham-
stow-road, Walthamstow, engineer; R. A. Kearsey, The
Hawthorns, Twyford, Berkshire, master carman and con-
tractor. Qualification of directors, £100. Remuneration of
directors, £100 each per annum (chairman £150).

This list of new companies is taken from the Daily
Register specially compiled by Messrs. Jordan and Sons
Limited, company registration agents, Chancery-lane, E.C.

CONTRACTS OPEN FOR COAL AND COKE.

For Contracts Advertised in this issue received too late for
inclusion in this column, see Leader and Last White
pages.

Abstracts of Contracts Open.

Athy (Ireland), September 9.—100 tons of Whitehaven
coal for the Guardians. Tenders to M. E. Doyle, clerk of
the Union, Board Room, Athy.

Birmingham, September 7.-173,000 tons of coal to the
Generating Stations of the Corporation Electric Supply
Department. Particulars from R. A. Chattock, M.I.E.E.,
city electrical engineer and manager, 14, Dale End, Bir-
mingham.

Castlebar (Ireland), September 10.—About 40 tons best
double screened Wigan coal for Mayo County Council.
Tenders to J. T. Kilby, secretary.

Coatbridge (Scotland), September 14. — Coals, nuts,
peas, and coke for the Old Monkland School Board. Tenders
to R. Gray, Municipal Buildings, Coatbridge.

Croydon, September 24.—Coal and coke for the Rural
District Council. Eorms from E. J. Gower, clerk, Council
Offices, Katherine-street, Croydon.

Dublin, September 9.—Best Wigan coal for the South
Dublin Guradians. Forms from J. P. Condon, clerk to
the Union, 1, St. James’s-street, Dublin.

Halifax, September 14.—Coal for the Corporation.
Further particulars at Education Offices, West House.

Keighley, September 7.—Coal for the Corporation. Forms
at Education Offices, Cooke-street, Keighley.

Newport (I.W.), September 10.—Fuel for the Isle of
Wight County Council. Full particulars from Mr. J.
Dufton, clerk of the Council, Newport (I.W.).

Preston, September 9.—Slack for the Corporation. Forms
from Borough Surveyor, Town Hall, Preston.

St. Ives (Hunts), September 17.—For the Guardians :
90 tons best house coal (Tibshelf best brights); 60 tons best
hard coal (Annesley best hand picked steam); also coke.
Forms from G. D. Day, clerk, Union Offices, St. Ives.

Woking, September 19.—Coal and coke for the Educa-
tion Committee. Forms from R. B. Roberts, secretary,
Education Office, Secondary School and Technical Institute,
Woking.

The date given is the. latest upon which tenders can be
received.

CONTRACTS OPEN FOR ENGINEERING, IRON
AND STEEL WORK, &c.

Athy (Ireland), September 11.—Pump Sinking.—Sink-
ing of well and erection of pump for the No. 2 Rural
District Council.

Ballintubrid (Ireland), September 12.—Well Sinking.
—Sinking of well and erection of pump for the Midleton
Rural District Council. Specification from J. Stanton,
clerk to the Council, Board Room, Midleton Workhouse.

Barnack.—Well Sinking, etc.—Sinking of well and laying
water mains for the Rural District Council. Specification
from R. C. English, Stamford, on deposit of 10s.

Chorley, September 8.—Vertical Water Tube Condenser.
—Erection of a vertical water tube condenser at the Chorley
Corporation Gas Works for the Corporation. Particulars
from J. W. Allin, gas engineer, Chorley.

Eccles, September 21.—Coal Elevator.—Erection of coal
elevator and conveyor for the Corporation. Specification
from the Borough Electrical Engineer, Electricity Works,
Cawdor-street, Patricroft, on deposit of £1 Is.

Liversedge.—Shaft Sinking.—For sinking two shafts
from the Middleton Main to Blocking Coal. Further infor-
mation from the Stanley Coal Company Limited, Liver-
sedge.

Manchester, September 19.—Pumping Engines.—One set
of vertical steam pumping engines for the Corporation.
Specification from the Secretary, Waterworks Offices, Town
Hall, Manchester, on deposit of £1 Is.

Newton-le-Willows (Lancs), September 15.—Sinking
a shaft and driving about 300 yds. of underground headings
at their waterworks for the Newton-in-Makerfield Urban
District Council. Specification from R. T. Surtees, Gas
Works, Newton-le-Willows.

Nottingham, September 18.—Boiler.—Steel Lancashire
boiler for the Public Baths Committee. Specification from
A. Dale, city architect, Guildhall, on deposit of £2 2s.

Mr. James Romanes, C.A., of Edinburgh, a director of the
Niddrie and Benhar Coal Company, who died April 24 last,
aged 76 years, left in addition to real estate personal estate
valued at £150,379.

ABSTRACTS OF PATENT SPECIFICATIONS
RECENTLY ACCEPTED.

3461 (1914). A Method of Ascertaining Disturbances in
the Frost Wall when Sinking Shafts according to the Shaft
Freezing Method. Dr. G. Leimbach, of Gottingen, Gold-
graben 4,'Germany.—Relates to a method of and means for
enabling the state of the frost wall to be readily ascertained
when sinking shafts according to the shaft freezing method.
According to the present invention, the freezing pipes are
connected in an electrical circuit, so that electrical oscilla-
tions can be set up in the pipes, thus enabling disturbances
in the frost wall to be noted by the variation of the electrical
resistance, capacity, and the damping. The iron freezing
pipes of a shaft, after freezing the earth, are contained in
a medium of very low electrical conductivity, and can there-
fore be employed in the manner above described. The appli-
cation of the invention is shown, by way of example, in the
accompanying diagrammatic drawing. Referring to the
drawing, a b represent the freezing pipes, which are elec-
trically connected, as shown, with an “ inductance ” c, and
a source of high potential energy, such as the secondary
winding of an induction coil e. Arranged in the circuit is
a spark gap d. In operation electrical oscillations will be set
up in the circuit, and if the freezing wall is in proper order
the “ condenser ” formed by the pipes, and wall as the
dielectric, will have a certain capacity and damping effect;
and, furthermore, the resistance of the circuit will have a
definite value which can be noted. Should there be leakage
in the circuit, the capacity of the “ condenser,” i.e., tne
tubes, and frozen earth in which they are embedded, will
vary, as also the resistance of the circuit, and consequently
the damping effect. A “ secondary ” coil placed in close
proximity to the inductance c, would be affected by the elec-
tric oscillations in the circuit, and could be connected to a
receiving circuit, whereby the state of the main or sending
circuit can be readily ascertained in a manner similar to
that used in wireless telegraphy. The wave length of the
main circuit may be determined by a second circuit or wave
meter, when the first circuit is caused to oscillate. The
wave meter or second circuit itself may have a variable self-
induction or a variable capacity for determining the wave
length, which is arrived at from the following formula :—

A = a/K x L
When A = wave length

K = capacity.

L = inductance.

In use, the two circuits are tuned, by variation of the capa-
city or inductance of the second circuit, whereupon the wave
length, which is now the same for both circuits, can be
calculated from the formula. In the first circuit, and
referring to the formula, a is known, having been obtained
as above described, L is known since this will be the induct-
ance C, and 7T of course is known. Thus the capacity K
of the condenser formed bv the pipes and the frozen earth

therearound can be readily calculated, and this capacity, as
will be readily understood, varies according to the stage of
the freezing, so that the state of freezing can thus be
readily ascertained. With a large number of pipes (20, 30,
or more) excellent average values are obtained for all elec-
trical constants. From the comparison with the average
value for these constants and the greatest normal deviations,
it is possible immediately to recognise a disturbance in the
frost wall; the magnitude of the variation, on the other
hand, also permits of conclusions as regards magnitude of
the disturbance. Two neighbouring pipes may be energised
with different wave lengths, as can be done, for instance, by
employing two main circuits, each comprising an inductance,
spark gap, and source of energy, as shown in the drawing.
One end of each circuit is earthed, the remaining two ends
(one of each circuit) being connected one to each of the two
pipes. The defective portion of the lye constitutes a nodal
point to the two sets of oscillations, as it acts as a conduct-
ing bridge, so that by experiment by variations of the wave
lengths the location of this nodal point may be determined.
Thus pairs of pipes can be made to form parts of the circuits
successively around the shaft to estimate the position of the
leakage horizontally, and on determination of the pair of
pipes which are nearest to the leakage; said pair can be
connected as above described in circuits, to enable the
vertical position of the leakage to be obtained by experiment
by variation of the wave lengths as above mentioned. (Three
claims.)

6608 (1914). Improvements in Explosives. A. E. Char-
bonneaux, of 748, Broad way-street, San Francisco, Cali-
fornia, U.S.A.—The object is to provide an explosive, the
action of which will be rapid and certain, and accompanied
by perfect oxidation, so that the explosion thereof is followed
by practically no smoke. In preparing this explosive,
ammonium sulphonate of naphthalene is obtained by treat-
ing naphthalene in the usual manner with strong sulphuric
acid, and then neutralising with strong ammonia. Five
parts by weight of the ammonium sulpnonate of naphtha-
lene, 10 parts of potassium chlorate, and one part of potas-
sium permanganate are then taken. These three ingredients
(which are in pulverised form) are thoroughly intermingled
to form the complete explosive. (One claim.)

9983 (1914). Improved Means for Securing Picks,
Hammer Heads, Axes, and Kindred Tools to their Handles
or Helves. D. Rees, of Aber Rhondda Shop, Forth, Glam.
—Relates to means for preventing the head of a pick,
hammer, axe, or kindred tool from flying off the upper end

of the shaft or helve when once it has been firmly forced
thereon, and the invention is directed to that type of device
in which the interior of the socket or eye of the tool is pro-
vided with four or more ribs or projections of rectangular
shape in cross section, said ribs or projections extending only
partly the longitudinal depth of the socket or eye, the
arrangement being such that the ribs or projections, which
are of tapered formation and are diametrically situated to
one another, form, when the shaft or helve is driven in, an
effectual wedge and barb-shaped lock means for said shaft

or helve. According to the invention, both the ribs or pro-
jections and the interior of the socket or eye are of tapered
formation, the ribs or projections being thicker at the top
than at the bottom, whilst the socket or eye is wider at the
bottom than at the top, the ribs or projections extending
the full longitudinal depth of the socket or eye, forming
wedges only. Fig. 1 is a top plan view, and fig. 2 is an
underside plan view. (One claim.)

21973 (1913). Improvements in Hand-Coupling Devices
for Railway Vehicles. A. J. Gray, of 277, Glossop-road,
Sheffield. — Relates to an improvement upon the device
described in the specification of prior patent, No. 5167 (1908),
in which is described a coupling rod of special construction
for use in operating the three link coupling chain of ordinary
construction, with the exception that the first or coupling link

was provided with a cross bar welded to it, and standing at
some little distance from the link for the purpose of receiving
the bent end of the coupling lever when required for coup-
ling. In present improvement the end of the lever is
attached to the first link. Fig. 1 is a front elevation of the
device attached to the headstock of a wagon, and to the
link; fig. 2 is a side view of the fulcrum bracket. (One
claim.)

27481 (1913). Improvements in or relating to Apparatus
for Detecting Hidden Metallic Masses.—Dr. M. Jfillig and
A. Zeschall, Gauermanngasse 4, Vienna, Austria.—Relates
to apparatus for detecting pipe leads or tubes or other
metallic masses embedded in masonry or the like, and has
for its object to obviate the difficulties arising in tracing
metal tubes or pipes, such as gas or water pipes or pipes for
other purposes, such as steam heating or hot
or dust exhausting or the like, which are

masonry and coated by plastering, and in some cases also
covered by wall paper, if no exact plan of site of such pipes
is obtainable. The drawing shown is a side view. In this bl,
c1 and b2, c2 indicate each a pair of coils respectively, which

water heating
embedded in

are mounted on a bar or handle a. The carriers, on which
the coils consisting of insulated wires of good conductivity
are mounted, as well as the bar or handle a, are made of
wood or of hard rubber, or of some other insulating material.
Each of the coils of the pair b1, c1 is included in an electric
circuit I., DE., with one of the coils of the other pair b2, c2 by
means of suitable connecting wires. In one of these cir-
cuits a telephone g is connected, while the other is connected
to a source of electric energy /. This source of electric
energv supplies either undulating or alternating or inter-
mittent currents. A screw or a wedge or the like (not
shown) can be provided for varying the distance of the coils
b1 or b2 from the coils c1 or c2 respectively. The alternating
or intermittent currents of the source of supply f, in the
circuit I., are, by induction, generating electromotive forces
in the coils b1, b2, -which are opposed to each other. If the
number of turns of the coils, and the shape of the same is
suitably chosen, an adjustment of the coils can take place,
at which a complete or almost complete neutralisation of the
generated electromotive forces takes place, so that no sound
will be heard in the telephone. If now the coil bx approaches
a body which is a conductor of electricity, the equilibrium
of the electromotive forces that has been obtained, as pre-
viously mentioned, will be disturbed, and a buzzing in the