July 17, 1814

THE COLLIERY GUARDIAN.

159

THE FREIGHT MARKET.

The outward freight market has been, generally, rather
quiet this week. On the North-East Coast, however, there
has been a good volume of transactions. Coasting business
has been done at the rather higher figures indicated by from
3s. 3d. to 3s. 4Jd., Tyne to London, and 3s. 6d. to 3s. 9d.
to Hamburg. The Bay is dearer at from 6s. to 6s. 3d. to
Bordeaux. The Baltic is moving upwards at from 5s. l|d.
to 5s. 6d. to Cronstadt. The Mediterranean has varied
between 7s. and 7s. 6d. to Genoa. At South Wales charter-
ing has been slow, at about late rates. Business has been
interrupted by festivities consequent on the visit of Prince
Arthur of Connaught. Clyde market is quiet, and rates
are easy. The Humber is steady. Homewards, New York
advices report a fairly steady demand for grain tonnage at
firm rates for prompt boats. Forward business moves
slowly, however. Tonnage supplies are fairly ample. The
Eastern market is quiet, with only a small enquiry, and
rates are weak. At the Black Sea and district there is a
small request for boats, and the tone favours charterers.
The Mediterranean and ore trades are steady, as is also the
Baltic. The weather still retards River Plate business. The
Pacific markets are very steady, and rates tend to advance.

Tyne to Algiers, 4,000, 7s. ; 2,300, 7s.; 3,000, 7s.; 3,500,
7s.; Antwerp, 2,000, 3s. 10|d.; 2,000, 3s. 7|d.; 2,000,
3s. lOJd.; 2,000, 3s. 9d.; Alexandria, 3,800, 8s. 9d.; 3,000,
8s. 9d.; 3,800, 8s. 9d.; Almeria, 1,600, 9s. 3d.; Bordeaux,

3.200,	6s.; 2,400, 6s. 3d.; Bas Indre, 3,000, 5s. 10|d.;
Boulogne, 1,000, 3s. 9d.; Barletta, 2,500, 8s. 7|d.; 2,000,
8s. 7Jd.; Cherbourg, 900, 4s. 9d., from Dunston; Civita
Vecchia, 4,000 7s. 9d.; 5,300, 7s. 9d.; Constantinople, 4,000,
8s. 6d.; 5,800, 8s. 6d.; Cronstadt, 4,500, 5s.; 3,000, 5s. 3d.;

2.700,	5s.; 4,000, 5s. 3d.; 1,900, 5s.; 1,750, 5s. 6d.; 2,000,
5s. IJd.; 3,500, 5s.; Catania, 3,400, 8s. 6d., 500, two loading
places; Calais, 2,100, 3s. 9d.; Elsinore, 2,000, 4s. 6d. ;
Genoa, 6,500, 7s.; 6,500, 7s. Ijd.; 4,700, 7s. 4}d.; 4,500,
7s. 6d.; 5,500, 7s.; Havre, 1,500, 4s. 3d.; Hoboken
(Antwerp), 1,500, 3s. 9d.; Hamburg, 2,150, 3s. 9d.; 3,100,
3s. 7|d.; 2,700, 3s. 9d.; 3,200, 3s. 6d., from Derwenthaugh;
Konigsberg, 2,700, 4s. lOJd.; Lisbon, 2,700, 6s. 3d.; Las
Palmas, 2,600, 7s. 3d. ; Landscrona, 1,800, 4s. 10|d.;
London, 2,000, 3s. 3d.; 2,000, 3s. 4|d.; La Rochelle, 2,300,
5s. 9d.; Marseilles, 6,000, 7s.; 4,000, 6s. 10jd.; 4,500,
7s. 3d.; Manager, 1,600, 4s. 7Jd., from Dunston; Memel,
2,000, 4s. 9d.; North Norway, 1,500, 4s. 9d.; Nantes, 1,500,
6s.; Naples, 3,400, 8s. 3d., 800, Pelaw loading; Piraeus,

6.400,	7s.; Port Said, 4,500, 7s. 6d., from Dunston; Pillau,
2,000, 4s. 6d.; Rouen, 1,250, 5s.; St. Petersburg, 5,500, 5s. ;

3.500,	5s. ljd.; 3,500, 5s.; 1,700, 5s. 6d.; 4,000, 5s.; 2,500,
5s.; 4,000, 5s. 9d.; 2,700, 5s. 4|d.; Santander, 4,200, 5s.;
Savona, 4,700, 7s. 4jd.; 5,800, 7s. ljd., 500; 4,500, 7s. 6d.;

5.800,	6s. 10id., 750; Sundswall, 1,500, 4s. 9d.; St. Nazaire,
3,000, 5s. 10-id. ; 2,000, 5s. 10|d.; Stockholm, 2,000, 4s. 7|d.;
St. Servan, 5,500, 5s. 4|d.; Terneuzen, 2,000, 3s. 10id.;
Venice, 5,000, 8s. 4id., from Dunston; 4,200, 8s‘. 4|d., from
Dunston.

Cardiff to Ancona, 5,500, 7s. 9d.; 7,000, 7s. 7jd., 600;
Algiers, 2,300, 7ffr., July; Alexandria, 5,100, 6s. 10|d.,
700, July 20; 4,500, 7s. 4|d., 500, July 18; 5,500, 7s. 6d.,
500; 5,400, 6s. 7|d.; Bahia Blanca, 6,500, 14s. 9d.; 14s. 6d.
July, reported; 6,000, 14s. 6d., July; 14s. 9d., July; 3,300,
14s. 6d., sail, 1,500, d.w., 15s. 6d. ;*Bjorko, 1,900, 6s. 3d.;
Colombo, 7.500, 10s. 3d., July 20; 10s. 6d., July; 10s. 6d.,
P. & O. terms; Corunna, 1,500, 6s. lid.; 2,600, 6s.; Cron-
stadt, 2,500, 5s. 7id.; 3,500, 5s. 6d.; Campana, 14s.; option
Rosario, 14s. 6d., July; Calais, 1,700, 4s.; Devonport, 2,500,
2s. 3d., Admiralty; 2,200, 2s. 3d.; Dieppe, 1,800, 3s. 10id.;
1,300, 3s. 10|d.; Dover, 900, 3s. 3d.; Genoa, 5,400, 7s.;
July 19; 5,300, 7s., July 18; 5,700, 7s.; 3,500, 7s. 3d.;

4.200,	7s. 3d.; 4,000, 7s., July 20; 4,500, 7s.; Gibraltar,
1,300, 7s. 9d.; 1,250, 7s. 9d.; 7s. 9d., July; Gandia, 1,100,
8s. 6d.; Great Yarmouth, 800, 3s. 7id.; Huelva, 1,700,
6s. 3d., August; Harwich, 1,500, 3s., Admiralty; Havre,

1.800,	3s. 10|d. ; Haulbowline, 2,200, 2s. 6d.; Leghorn, 4,000,
7s. 9d.: 800, 7s. 3d.; 500, 7s. 9d.; 4,800, 7s. 7|d., 500;

6.500,	6s. 9d., July 23; 6,200, 7s., 800; Lisbon, 1,500,
5s. 9d., 350; 2,900, 5s. 6d., July 20; Lappvik, 1,450, 6s. 3d.;
2,100, 5s. 9d.; 1,400, 6s. 3d.; July 20; Las Palmas, 3,800,
7s.; Monte Video, 5,000, 13s. 4Jd., July 20; 5,000, 13s. 4|d.;
Marseilles, 6,000, 8| fr. ; Malta, 5,000, 6s. 4id., July 21;
Naples, 4,000, 7s. 9d.; 800, 7s. 3d.; 500, 7s. 9d.; 4,800, 7s.
7id., 500; 3,200, 7s. 6d„ 800; 6,200, 7s., 800; Nantes, 2,400,
6 fr.; Port Said, 6,000, 7s. 3d.; 4,300, 7s. 3d.; 5,000, 7s. 3d.;
5,000, 7s. 6d.; Palermo, 3,200, 8s., 400; Palma, 2,200,
7s. 9d.; Portsmouth, 2,900, 2s. 4|d., Admiralty; 1,400,
2s. 4id., Admiralty; Portland, 2,900, 2s. 4id., Admiralty;
Queenstown, 2,200, 2s. 6d. ; River Plate, 5,500, 14s. 3d.,
July; 14s. lid.; 6,000, 14s. 3d.; 14s. 3d., July; 5,000,
13s. 9d., August; Reggio, 3,400, 7s. 6d.; Rosario, 14s. 6d.,
July; Sheerness, 650, 4s.; Savona, 5,300, 7s., July 18;

5.700,	7s.; 5,400, 7s., July 19; 4,000, 7s., July 20; 4,200,
7s. 3d.; Spezzia, 5,700, 7s.; 5,400, 7s., July 19; 5,300, 7s.,
July 18; Salonica, 4,500, 7s. 6d.; St. Petersburg, 4,000,
5s. 6d.; 2,300, 5s. 6d., July 20; Seville, 2,200, 7s. 3d.;
Santa Fe, 3,500, 15s. 7id., July 20; Santos, 16s., end July;
Teneriffe, 5,800, 7s.; Venice, 5,500, 7s. 9d.; 4,500, 8s. 3d.;
Villa Constitucion, 14s., July.

Newport to Genoa, 5,700, 7s., July 18; Alexandria, 5,000,
7s., 500; Seville, 1,500, 8s.; Gibraltar, 3s. 10id., July,
Admiralty; Marseilles, 3,800, 8ifr., July 20; 6,000, 8fr.,
July, reported; Buenos Ayres, 14s. 3d.

Swansea to Dieppe, 1,600, 4s. 6d.; Aarhuus, 900, 6s.;
Caen, 850, 4s. 104d.: Cherbourg, 950, 4s. 9d.; Taranto, 3,300,
8s. 6d.; 8s. 6d.; Genoa, 4,700, 7s. 3d.; Savona, 4,700,
7s. 3d.; Messina, 2,600, 7s. 7Jd., 400; Rouen, 1,650, 4s. 9d.;

1.400,	4s. 9d.; 1,200, 5s.; 650, 5s. lid.; London, 730, 4s.;
Passages, 1,600, 6s. 6d.; Rio de Janeiro, 6,000,14s., July 25;
Leghorn, 1,500, 8s. ; St. Malo, 1,000, 4s. 6d.; Tunis, 21,700,
11 fr.; 11 fr. coal, 12 fr. fuel; Alicante, 2,800, 8s. 3d.,
fuel; Nantes, 1,900, 6| fr.; Chantenay, 1,000, 6i fr.; Oxelo-
sund, 1,300, 5s. 6d.; Gandia, 1,200, 8s. 9d.; Valencia, 1,200,
9s., fuel 9s. 9d.; Belfast, 400, 3s.; Marans, 950, 7i fr.;
Bordeaux, 1,000, 7| fr.

Blyth to Hamburg, 2,100, 3s. 9d.; North Norway, 1,500,
4s. 9d.; Cronstadt, 2,700, 5s.; 1,900 , 5s.; 2,700, 5s. lid.;
Pillau, 2,000, 4s. 6d. ; 4s. 6d., 700; Helsingfors, 1,800,
4s. 9d.; St. Petersburg, 2,500, 5s. 3d.; 5,000, 5s.; Elsinore,
2,000, 4s. 6d.

Wear to Bayonne, 2,400, 6s. 4d., 500; 2,800, 6s. 6d., 400;
Bordeaux, 3,200, 6s.; 5,000, 6s.; Riga, 1,100, 5s. 6d.; Caen,

1.200,	5s. ; Rochefort, 2,100, 5s. 10|d.

Hull to Pernau, 1,200, 5s. 3d.: 1,200, 5s. lid.; Cronstadt,

3.700,	5s.; 2,100, 5s. lid.; 1,750, 5s. 6d.; 2,700, 5s., July
17 ; Rouen, 1,450, 4s. 6d. ; Genoa, 2,800, 7s. 7Jd.; Riga,
1,750, 5s. 3d.; Monte Video, 5,500, 13s. 6d., end July;
London, 480, 4s. 3d.; St. Petersburg, 2,000, 5s.

Immingham to Pernau, 1,200, 5s. 3d.; 1,200, 5s. lid.;
Reval, 2,200, 5s. 3d.; Raumo, 1,100, 5s. 7id.; Alexandria,
7s. 6d., 500, end July; 5,000, 7s. 6d.; Newport, 2,300, 3s.

Boston to Boulogne, 1,050, 4s. 3d.

Hartlepool to London, 2,100, 3s. 3d.; Havre, 1,200,
4s. 3d.; Palermo, 4,700, 7s. 10|d., 400; Hamburg, 2,200,
3s. 9d.

Forth to Hamburg, 2,000, 4s.; St. Malo, 1,500, 5s. 3d.

Grimsby to Raumo, 1,100, 5s. 7|d.

Wales to Monte Video, 12s. 6d.; Punta Arenas, sail,
16s. 9d.

Goole to Copenhagen, 1,100, 5s. 3d. ; Exmouth, 350, 5s.

Rotterdam to Dieppe, 1,900, 4s.; St. Nazaire, 5,000,
5s. lid.; 3,500, 5s. 6d., Trignac terms, July 20; 3,800,
5s. 6d. coals, 6s. 3d. fuel; 3,500, 5s. 9d.; 5,000, 5s. lid.;
Barcelona, 3,900, 8s. 3d., July; Fremantle, 11s., super-
phosphates, days, August 15; Charleston, 8s. 3d., kainit, end
July; Algiers, 500, 8|fr., fuel; 1,200, 8fr., fuel, end July;
8J fr.; 8 fr.; Marseilles, 6,000, 81 fr., 600, 8fr., 900;
Bilbao, 2,300, 5s. 4id., July 25; La Rochelle, 2,100, 5s. 9d.,
July 18; Rochefort, 2,100, 5s. 10id., July 18; Bordeaux,
3,000, 5s. 9d. coals, 6s. 6d. fuel, July 22-24; 5,500, 5s. 9d.
coals, 6s. 6d. fuel, end July; Boucan, 3,400, 5s. 9d., July 20;
San Francisco, 10s. weight, 16s. 6d. coke; Leghorn, 5,200,
7s. 3d.

Leith to Hamburg, 1,800, 3s. 7id.

Garston to South Australia, 10s. 6d., one port, Ils. 6d.,
two ports, super-phosphates, 100, 6d. extra customary dis-
charge, October.

Port Talbot to Sundswall, 1,000, 5s. 6d.; La Rochelle,
1,350, 6ifr.; St. Brieux, 850, 5s. 3d.

Neath Abbey to London, 400, 5s.

Burryport to Guernsey, 650, 4s. 4id.

Hamburg to Pensacola and Tampa, 6,500, 8s. 6d., August,
kainit; Norfolk and Wilmington, 4,900, 8s. 3d., August,
kainit; Jacksonville, 3,000, 8s. 6d., August, kainit.

Seaham Harbour to Malmo, 1,400, 5s. lid.; Fairwater,

1,200,	5s. lid.

COAL, IRON AND ENGINEERING COMPANIES.
REPORTS AND DIVIDENDS.

Avery (W. and T.) Limited.—The report shows that, after
allowing £8,361 12s. 8d. for depreciation, and including
£8,501 13s. lOd. brought forward from last year, the balance
of revenue account is £42,037. From this amount has to
be deducted interest on debentures, £4,000, interim dividend
for the half-year to September 30, 1913 (paid October 1,
1913), on the 5 per cent, preference shares (less income-tax),
£2,938; interim dividend for the half-year to September
30, 1913 (paid January 1, 1914), at the rate of 5 per cent,
per annum on the ordinary shares (free of income-tax),
£2,665, leaving a disposable surplus of £32,432. The direc-
tors recommend a dividend on the 5 per cent, preference
shares for the half-year ended March 31, already paid; to
pay on the ordinary shares a dividend for the half-year ended
March 31 at the rate of 15 per cent, per annum (free of
income-tax), making with the interim dividend 10 per cent,
for the year; to place to reserve (which will then stand at
£70,000), £11,500, and to carry forward £9,996 17s. Id.

Brymbo Steel Company Limited.—The report for the year
ended March last discloses a profit of £29,967, and £692 was
brought forward; £6,460 is set aside for redemption purposes,
and £9,000 towards capital outlay. Interim dividends of
5 per cent, have been paid on the A and B shares, and a
further 5 per cent, dividend is announced on the A shares,
leaving £930 to carry forward.

Canadian Explosives Limited.—Dividend of If per cent,
on 7 per cent, cumulative preference shares for quarter to
June 30.

Fraser and Chalmers Limited.—Interim dividend of 7|
per cent, on preference shares, less tax.

Furness, Withy and Company Limited.—The report for
the year ended April 30 states that the profits, including the
balance brought forward, amount to £765,488 12s. lid.
After charging directors’ fees and income-tax, there remains
£751,949 9s. 7d. The usual half-yearly dividend on the
preference shares was paid on November 1 last, and three
quarterly dividends on the ordinary shares at 10 per cent,
per annum, free of tax, have also been distributed, leaving
an available balance of £566,639 5s. lid., out of which the
directors have transferred £350,000 to depreciation account.
The appropriation of the available balance of £566,639
5s. lid. will therefore be :—Transferred to depreciation
account, £350,000; six months’ dividend on preference shares
at 5 per cent, per annum, less tax, paid May 1, 1914,
£35,310 3s. 8d.; quarterly dividend on ordinary shares at
10 per cent, per annum, free of tax, paid May 1, 1914,
£50,000; carried forward, 131,329 2s. 3d.

Gloucester Railway Carriage and Wagon Company
Limited.—The directors recommend a dividend at the rate
of 10 per cent, per annum for the half-year ended May 31,
making, with the interim dividend paid on February 2, 10
per cent, for the year.

Great Western Colliery Limited.—The directors announce
an interim dividend of 5s. per share on the fully paid, and
2s. per share on the partly paid ordinary shares of class
“ B ” for the half-year ended June 30 last.

Henderson (D. and W.) and Company Limited.—The
annual report states that the profit, after allowing for all
charges except depreciation, amounts to £40,644. After
deducting the balance at debit of the profit and loss account,
and preference dividends to October 1913, there is a balance
of £20,029. The directors propose to pay the preference divi-
dend for the half-year to April last, transfer £2.500 to pre-
ference dividend reserve, write £5,214 off for depreciation,
and £2,982 to provide for additional depreciation on invest-
ments and for directors’ commission on profits, leaving a
balance at credit of profit and loss account to be carried for-
ward of £1,833.

Lochgelly Iron and Coal Company Limited.—The balance-
sheet as at May 31 last shows that the profit on the year’s
trading, after deducting all ordinary expenses and deprecia-
tion on works and plant, amounts to £66,291 7s. 3d. ; the
amount brought forward from previous year was £16,890
0s. 4d., making £83,181 7s. 7d., less interim dividends paid
December 1913, £13,183 6s. 8d.—leaving £69,998 0s. lid.
The directors recommend the following dividends for the
half-year to May 31 last :—To the preference shareholders at
the rate of 5 per cent, per annum, less income-tax, £3.291
6s. 3d.; to the ordinary shareholders, £1 10s. per share, less
income-tax, £28,621 16s. 3d.; to be carried to reserve,
£15,000; to be carried forward, £22,084 18s. 5d.

North’s Navigation Collieries (1889) Limited.—The direc-
tors have decided to pay an interim dividend of Is. each

on both preference and ordinary shares for the half-year
ended June 30.

Scottish Wagon Company Limited.—Interim dividend of
3| per cent.

Tweefontein Colliery Limited.—Subscriptions have been
invited for an issue of 75,000 6 per cent, cumulative pre-
ference and participating shares of £1 each at par, and 14,153
ordinary shares of £1 each at £1 10s. per share. This issue
is made for the purpose of enabling the company to redeem
their outstanding debenture stock, amounting to £90,000, and
for the general purposes of the company. The company was
formed in December 1907 to acquire the Tweefontein
Colliery, as developed and equipped, including the freehold
of 2,600 acres of the Farm Tweefontein, No. 236, District
of Middelburg, Transvaal. Debenture stock to the nominal
amount of £90,000 (part of an authorised issue of £100,000)
has been issued, and is now outstanding, and the proceeds of
this issue will in the first place be applied to redeem the
whole of this at par.

Yryheid (Natal) Railway, Coal, and Iron Company
Limited.—The report, which covers the year ended January
31 last, states that at a meeting of the debenture holders
held on December 10, 1913, it was resolved to renew the
existing £75,000 first mortgage debenture stock, and to
authorise the issue of new £25,000 stock ranking pari passu
with the old. After allowing for depreciation and providing
for interest on debenture stock and loan, the result of the
year’s trading shows a profit of £7,887, from which has to
be deducted the debit balance of £3,451 from last year’s
accounts, leaving £4,435, which the directors recommend
shall be carried forward.

Wood (Edward) and Company Limited.—The net profit
for the year to May 31, after deducting depreciation, is
£15,109, out of which a dividend has been paid on the pre-
ference shares at the rate of 5 per cent, per annum, and an
interim dividend on the ordinary shares also at the rate of
5 per cent, per annum for the half-year ending November
30, 1913, leaving, with the amount brought forward, and
after deducting the directors’ bonus, £10,331 for disposal.
The directors propose a dividend of 2| per cent, on the pre-
ference shares (making 5 per cent, for the year), less tax;
dividend of 3| per cent, on the ordinary shares (making 6
per cent, for the year), less tax; and bonus of 4 per cent,
on the ordinary shares, less tax; placing to reserve fund
£3,000; and carrying forward £2,224.

NEW COMPANIES.

Carlton Iron Company Limited.—Registered July 7. To
acquire undertaking, assets, and liabilities of the Carlton
Iron Company Limited, incorporated in 1870, and carry on
business of iron and coal masters, steel converters, blast
furnace proprietors, colliery proprietors, coke manufacturers,
brick makers, tin-plate makers, and iron founders. Nominal
capital, £325,000 in 125,000 preference and 20,000 ordinary
£1 shares. Minimum subscription, seven shares. Direc-
tors :—W. Morrison, Malham Tarn, Settle; W. McGowan,
Sorbie, Corkickle, Whitehaven; J. McGowan, Victoria-
terrace, Corkickle, Whitehaven; W. Thomlinson, The
Green, Seaton Carew, iron master. Qualification of direc-
tors (other than above), 1,000 shares.

Faversham Boring Company Limited.—Registered office,
2, St. Helen’s-place, London. Registered July 9. To
acquire from B. R. H. Synd. Limited, certain rights granted
to the syndicate of prospecting for and mining coal and other
minerals in Kent. Nominal capital, £25,000 in £1 shares
(12,292 “A” shares and 12,708 “ B ” shares). Minimum
subscription, 500 shares. Directors :—J. S. Appleby, West
Hartlepool, shipowner; A. A. B. Walford, Stockton-on-
Tees, chartered accountant; Viscount Curzon, Curzon
House, Curzon-street, W.; F. D. Maw, 27, London-road,
Neath, South Wales, gentleman. Qualification of directors
(other than first directors), 100 shares. Remuneration of
directors to be determined by company in general meeting.

International General Artificial Coal and Fuel Company
Limited.—Registered office, 117, Leadenhall-street, E.C.
Registered July 8. To acquire any patents, etc., or any
secret, or other information as to any invention capable of
being used for any of the purposes of the company, and to
manufacture, or acquire, or dispose of any materials for the
purpose of testing and turning to account any patents,
licenses, etc., acquired by the company, and to deal in all
kinds of plant, machinery, implements, goods, and hard-
ware, etc. Nominal capital, £100,000 in £20 ordinary
shares. Minimum subscription, 50 shares. Directors :—
J. Pfeiffer, Lindenstrasse 11, Speyer am Rhein, Germany,
gentleman; W. Zeitler, Speyerstrasse, Mutterstadt, Ger-
many, merchant; G. Weiss, Mundenheimerstrasse 257,
Ludwigshafen am Rhein, Germany, engineer (Comml.).

Lister (Joshua) and Company Limited.—Private com-
pany. Registered July 8. To acquire business now carried
on at Cobden-street, Pendleton, Manchester, as Joshua
Lister, and carry on business of sheet metal workers, tin-
smiths, coppersmiths, steel makers, tin-plate makers, iron
founders, colliery proprietors, etc. Nominal capital, £4,000
in 2,000 £1 preference shares and 2,000 £1 ordinary shares.
Directors and subscribers (one share each) :—Joshua Lister,
of Rydal Mount, Stanley-road, Irlams-o’-th’-Height, Man-
chester, sheet metal worker; Alfred Shawcross, 19, Staple-
ton-street, Irlams-o’-th’-Height, Manchester, cashier. Quali-
fication of directors, £300.

This list of new companies is taken from the Daily
Register specially compiled by Messrs. Jordan and Sons
Limited, company registration agents, Chancery-lane, E.C.

Giving evidence before the Departmental Committee on
Smoke Abatement, last week, Mr. W. T. Jackson, chairman
of the Manchester Sanitary Committee, urged that the only
effective way of dealing with the smoke nuisances common
to the area of several adjoining authorities, was to set up
joint boards for those areas to administer the law relating
to a smoke nuisance. These boards should be constituted
from the local authorities, and should appoint whole-time
smoke inspectors, and there should also be inspectors
appointed by the Local Government Board to super-
vise their work and to take action where the joint
boards neglected their duty. It was also important that
smoke summonses should be dealt with by stipendiary
magistrates or by county court judges in the outside areas.
The penalties under the Public Health Act were inadequate,
and it was cheaper at present in most districts for
delinquents to pay penalties rather than to take steps to
abate the nuisance. There was room for improvement in
Manchester. Fully half the pollution in Manchester came
from domestic fires, but up to the present gas had not had
any great effect in reducing domestic smoke.