80 THE COLLIERY GUARDIAN. January 9, 1914. and the average fatality rate from 1901 to 1910. It will be noted that the number killed per 1,000,000 short tons of coal mined in the United States is greater than in Great Britain, Belgium, Austria, and New South Wales, but less than in Germany, France, India and Japan. A comparison of the relative risk of coalmining on the basis of production seems to the writer to be the fairest that can be drawn. It not only indirectly takes into account the length of time the mines were in operation, but also the average production of the individual workmen in a given unit of time. TableD.—Number killed per 1,000,000 short tons of Coal Mined in the Principal Coal-producing Countries, 1901 to 1911. Year. | New I So th r | Wales. Great Britain. • Aus- w tria.« ' ?el- g-ium. * 5. -2 J s J Ger- many.® • France. India, co Japan, p 1901 2-54 4-38 6’49 6-41 5-37 8’56 5-56 7-53 18-11 1902 15-78 3’95 5-91 5-71 6-39 7-40 5*54 7-76 12-62 191 3 1-83 4’06 3-87 6-06 5-08 6-88 4-42 8-78 19-33 IP 04 1-78 3-97 4-66 5-14 5 91 6-49 4-89 6-^0 15-99 1905 3-23 4-30 6-92 5-12 5-78 6’73 4-60 6-67 20-12 1906 2-46 3-97 4-71 5'08 5-19 6-52 33-96 7-84 39’14 1907 1’75 4'05 4-91 5'63 6*93 8-15 3-99 7'55 30-76 1908 2-05 4-39 3-86 5-97 6-05 9’71 4-51 12-05 14-99 1909 1-78 4-82 4-96 5-25 5-79 7'54 5-35 9-41 32-25 1910 2-29 5’92 4-28 5’16 5-66 7'18 5-04 12’54 17-76 Avg., 1901-10 3-70 4 40 5-05 5-56 5-83 7-55 7-79 9‘00 22-71 1911 1-54 4’05 5-55 6-49 5-48 7'04 10-97 a Figures are based on fatalities in the bituminous and anthracite mines ; fatalities in lignite mines are not included. Fig. 6.—Average number killed per 1,000,000 short tons Belgium. Austria. . New South Wales... France.. Great Britain. COUNTRY. 22. 71 5.56 5.05 ■1 40 5.83 ).00 .55 18 Japan.. . India_____ Germany______ United States. VERAGE NUMBER KIL'LEI) PER 1,000.000SHORT TONS MINE!' 0 2 4 G 8 10 of coal mined in the principal coal-producing countries, 1901-10. ■FRANCE ■ 4-i GERMANY BELGIUM' AUSTRIA UNITED STATES aVekabf ISOI-l»lO GREAT BJUTAI’l A V V 1r V V NUMZGR KILLED PER MILLION. SHORT TOMS OF COAL MINED IN THE PRINCIPAL COAi PRODUCING COUNTRIES 190 ’ -191 i INCLUSIVE Fig. 7. It should be stated that a comparison on the pro- duction basis of the United States with foreign countries is unjust to the other countries, because it is admitted that the physical conditions concomitant with the coal- mining industry of the foreign countries are not nearly as favourable to the easy extraction of coal as in that country. On the other hand, a comparison on the basis of the number killed per 1,000 employed is more unfair to the United States, with its enormously greater daily output of coal per man. Of the two comparisons, the one on the basis of production is nearer the truth, and for that reason to be preferred. Furthermore, it may be stated that although the physical conditions of the coal deposits in the United States are more favourable for the safe ruining of coal than in any of the foreign countries enumerated, a careful analysis of the statistics given in the preceding tables indicates that the danger of the industry in the United States is greater than in Great Britain, Belgium, Austria or New South Wales, but not so great as in Germany, France, India or Japan. Table E shows the number killed, and the number killed per 1,000 employed, in and about the coalmines Table E.—Number killed, and the number killed per 1,000 employed, in and about the coalmines of. the principal coal-producing countries, with the fatalities classified according to cause. Cause. (1) United States, 1011. (2) Japan, 1910. (3) Ger- many, 1911. (4) India, 1911. (5) Austria, 1911. (6) Great Britain, 1911. (7) Bel- gium, 1911. (8) France, 1910. Falls of roof or coal: Total number killed 1,321 198 442 84 599 81 Number killed per 1,000 employed Haulage accidents (under- 1.81 1.44 0 75 0. 79 0.57 0.39 0.41 ground). Total number killed Number killed per 1,000 393 37 181 16 256 27 28 employed 0.54 0 ^7 0 31 0.15 0.24 0.14 Gas and coal-dust explo- sions: Total number killed Number killed per 1,000 379 8 32 16 34 1 9 employed C 52 0 06 1 0 05 0 15 0 03 16 0.01 8 0.04 3 Explosives (underground): Total number killed 134 43 0 Number killed per 1,000 employed 0 18 0.01 0 07 0 00 0.02 0 06 0.02 Other causes (underground)- Total number kiilod 246 31 219 6 a63 81 16 Number killed per 1,000 employed.. .... . 0 34 0 22 0.37 0.06 a0.90 0.08 0 16 0.08 Abaft accidents: Total number killed Number killed per 1,000 63 18 102 12 12 99 29 37 employed.. Surface accidents: 0 09 0 13 0 17 0.11 0.17 0.09 0.20 0.1° Total number killed .... Number killed per 1,000 183 14 10/ 14 13 147 21 39 employed. . .. 0.25 0 10 0 27 0 13 0.19 0.14 0.14 0.20 Total number killed.. "Number killed per 2,710 307 1,176 ’48 88 1,232 165 213 1 ,C00 employed 3 73 2.23 2 00 1 39 1 26 1 17 1 15 1.08 c Includes all fatalities underground. of the principal coal-producing countries, classified according to cause. The table is of interest as showing the relative death rate from different classes of accidents in the various countries. OUTPUT MD VALUE OF COAL HU 1912 * The total value of the minerals raised during the year amounted to £131,220,853, an increase of £6,641,540 as compared with 1911. This increase is mainly accounted for by the increased value of coal. The total output of coal was 260,416,338 tons and the value £117,921,123, showing a decrease in the output of 11,475,561 tons, but an increase in value of £7,137,441 on the figures for 1911. The average price of coal was 9s. 0’68d. per ton in 1912, as compared with 8s. l'79d. in 1911. The diminished output and enhanced selling price of coal are doubtless the effect of the national strike of workers at collieries, which lasted from March 1 to April 10, 1912. Hitherto, the average price of coal given in the annual reports has been an estimated figure based on information voluntarily supplied to the inspectors by owners in their districts. Now, however, under the Coal Mines Act, 1911, the value of coal and of other minerals obtained at mines under that Act are required to be given on the annual returns, and the average price of coal for 1912 has been calculated on the complete figures so obtained. The quantity of coal exported, exclusive of coke and manufactured fuel and of coal shipped for the use of steamers engaged in foreign trade, was 64,444,395 tons. France received over 10 million tons, Italy over 9 million tons, Germany over 8 million tons, Russia and Sweden each over 4 million tons, the Argentine over 3J, Spain nearly 3J, Egypt nearly 3, Denmark over 2f million tons, and Norway and the Netherlands each over 2 millions. Adding the 3,107,140 tons exported in the form of coke and manufactured fuel, and the 18,291,370 tons shipped for the use of British and foreign steamers engaged in foreign trade, the total quantity of coal which left the country was 85,842,905 tons, as against 87,081,382 tons in 1911. The amount of coal remaining for home consumption was 174,573,433 tons, or 3'823 tons per head of the population; 35,322,147 tons were used in the manufacture of coke and briquettes, and 17,997,854 tons in the blastfurnaces for the manufacture of pig iron, as against 36,096,857 tons and 19,218,491 tons respectively in the previous year. During the past 40 years (1873-1912), the total value of the mineral raised amounts to £3,359,004,435, and of this sum coal accounts for £2,805,058,716, or 83'5 per cent.; 7,653,148,000 tons of coal have been raised in that period; and of this amount 1,833,463,000 tons, or nearly 24 per cent, of the total production, have been shipped abroad as exports in the form of coal, coke and manufactured fuel, and as coal used for steamers engaged in foreign trade. The following gives the percentage of output shipped abroad in each quinquennial period from 1873 to 1912 1873-1877, 13 8 per cent.; 1878- 1882,16'1 percent.; 1883-1887, 19'0 per cent.; 1888-1892, 21'2 per cent.; 1893-1897, 23'0 per cent.; 1898-1902, 25'7 per cent.; 1903-1907, 29'5 per cent.; 1908-1912, 32'4 per cent.; 18,350,068 tons of coke were obtained in 1912, valued at £13,797,909 ; 21,076 coking ovens were in use * From Part III. of the General Report on Mines and Quarries for 1912, by Mr. R. A. S. Redmayne, H.M. Chief Inspector of Mines. during the year; 1,755,869 tons of briquettes were produced, valued at £1,347,675. Of the other non-metallic minerals, the combined values of the output of clay and shale, igneous rocks, limestone, oil shale, salt, sandstone and slate for 1912 amount to nearly 74 millions sterling. Of the metallic minerals raised in the United Kingdom, iron ore is by far the most important. During the year the output of ores of this metal was 13,790,391 tons, valued at £3,763,837. The ore yielded 4,451,636 tons of iron, or more than half of the total quantity of pig iron made in this country. The value of the tin ore for 1912 exceeded a million sterling and is the highest since the year 1873. The average prices of metals for the year all show an increase as compared with the figures for 1911 and, in the case of tin, the highest average price yet recorded— viz., £212 Ils. per ton for English block tin was reached. Goal The following table gives a summary of the output and value of coal from mines and quarries, arranged according to countries:— Quantity. Country England . Wales .... Scotland . Ireland.... Total, 191 Total, 19 J The value of the outputs was as follows:—England, £79,044,555; Wales, £22,222,544; Scotland, £16,603,665; Ireland, £50,359—total, £117,921,123, as compared with £110,783,682 in 1911. From From ™ , Comparison mines. quarries. 0 a * with 1911. Tons. Tons. Tons. Tons. 180,814,371... 17,760...180,832,131... - 9,411,983 39.975.271.. . — ... 39,975,271...+ 130,213 39.518.629.. . — ... 39,518,629...-2,199,534 90,307... — ... 90,307...+ 5,743 260,398 578...17,760...260,416,338 -11,475,561 271,878,124.. .13,775.. .271,891,899... + 7,458,871 Output and Value of Coal (including Anthracite), ARRANGED County. according to Counties. Approxi- mate price per ton at the Total quantity. Comparison ] with 1911. England— mines. From mines : Tons. Tons. s, . d. Chester 274,461 ... — 31,719... . 8 9 03 Cumberland 2,133,563 ... — 162,691... . 8 11'90 Derby 16,567,927 ... — 596,563... . 7 8'25 Durham, North ... 12,319,494 7 3,828,512 £ 9 3-95 Do. South ... 25,570,910 ] 8 11'07 Gloucester 1,567,701 ... 4- 131,501... 9 11'79 Kent 1,099 ... + 949... 20 0 Lancaster, N. and E. Do. W 10,416,174 ) 12,372,563 j - 885,897 £ 9 8 8T1 10-27 Leicester 2,765,103 .. — 95,394... 7 10'64 Monmouth 13,391,742 .. — 407,005... 10 7'49 Northumberland ... 13,381,641 .. — 1,300,786... 9 1'38 Nottingham 11,122,832 .. — 500,418... 7 7'52 Salop 772,205 .. — 42,989... . 8 0 12 Somerset 1,072,356 .. — 38,667... 10 7 46 Stafford 13,696,886 .. — 350,872... . 8 2 28 Warwick 4,577,758 .. — 315,725... . 8 6 95 Westmorland 1,347 .. + 162... 10 0 Worcester 516,090 .. — 99,243... 6 692 York, North Riding 2,294 Y 8 2 13 Do. Westf 15,007,775 [ — 842,099 8 4'03 Do. Southf 23,284,744 ) ' 8 3 59 Total from mines 180,814,371 ... - 9,415,968... . 8 8-91 From quarries: Derby 5,230 ... — 1,731... —■ Lancaster N. and E. 904 ... + 721... — Do. West ... 831 ... + 831... — Leicester 400 ... 4- 400... — Northumberland ... 146 ... — 144... — Stafford 1,471 ... — 283... — Warwick 2,957 ... 4- 1,177... — Worcester 260 ..; — 50... — York, West Riding 5,561 ... + 3,064... — Total from quarries Do. mines & quarries 17,760 ... + 3,985... — for England 180,832,131 ... — 9,411,983... 8 8'91 Wales— From mines .- Brecon 67,894 ) 668,327J ) - 40,265 £ 9 24 9 05 Carmarthen 516,603 5 1,701,3241 J + 102,616 £ J* 199 2 05 Denbigh 2,547,378 ... — 132,308... 8 10 97 Flint 703,371 ... — 60,021... 8 9 81 Glamorgan £ 31,787,015 ) 1,940,085J j + 263,126 £ 11 10 4 11 9 21 Pembroke 43,274+... c — 2,935... 15 7'48 Total for Wales 39,975,271 ... + 130,213... 11 1'42 Scotland— From mines : Argyll, Dumfries, Kinross, Peebles, and Sutherland... 524,607 .. + 30,973... § Ayr 3,935,949 .. — 268,864... 8 0'31 Clackmannan 343,123 .. — 71,623... 9 9 01 Dumbarton 483,747 .. — 75 374... 10 5 03 Edinburgh 3,064,887 .. + 26,019... 7 6'95 Fife 8,435,516 .. — 602,274... 8 1-1911 Haddington 1,050,686 .. + 29,517... . 7 3 12 Lanark 16,624,363 .. — 880,543... . 8 9'65 Linlithgow 2,038,121 .. — 140,706... 7 8 94 Renfrew 186,559 .. + 35,209... 8 0'41 Stirling 2,831,071 .. — 281,868... . 8 1008 Total for Scotland 39,518,629 ... - 2,199,534... 8 4'84 See footnotes next column,