490 THE COLLIERY GUARDIAN Mabch 7, 1913 which had been sealed appeared to be under some increased pressure when opened. Table 7.—Average Percentages of Water Found by Different Methods. Method. 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. la .. 2’96. 9*84.. . 7’33.. . 5*84.. . 7*20. .. 7’48 16 .. 2’87. 9*64.. . 7*08.. . 5*75.. . 6*98.. . 7*20 2 ’.. 2*99. 9*76.. . 7’33.. . 5*71.. . 7*23.. .. 7’47 3 .. 2*95 9*97.. . 7*40.. . 5*35.. . 7’27.. .. 7’60 4a .. 2*89. 9'65.. . 7*14.. . 5’34.. . 9’96 . 7*25 xk (Loss . .. 2*84. .. 10*12.. . 7*57.. . 6*04.. . 7’29.. .. 7*69 46 I Gain . .. 2*91.. *M 10*40.. ,M 7*97 . .M6’46.. .M7’92.. .M 7’85 4c ..M3’01„ .. 10*03.. 7*61.. . 6*10.. . 7’55.. . 7*81 V .. 3*00.. 10*38.. . 7*80.. . 6*16.. 7’74.. 7’60 * M = highest of the average figures for each coal. II.—Since the loss of weight when coal is heated to the temperature mentioned above is not appreciably affected by the evolution of hydrocarbons from the coal, the only serious source of error in properly conducted experiments at that temperature is oxidation of coal, which causes an increase of weight as drying is pro- longed. The highest results may therefore be taken as the most correct. A consideration of the tables 5 b and 7 will show at a glance which methods have been found to give the highest results with the various coals. The question of the detection of added water in coal has been raised by Prof. Baskerville. This presents some difficulty, especially in view of the fact that coal is washed in preparation for the market. It might, at first sight, appear that air drying would show whether coal contained an excess of water above its normal amount or not. A consideration of the manner in which the water absorbed by coal will vary with the tension of aqueous vapour of the surrounding air indicates that the only way of determining “added water” would be to find out the percentage of water proper to the coal at the temperature, pressure and tension of aqueous vapour which prevailed at the time of loading, and to compare this with the actual percentage of water. 9% 5 2 Hours 50 8 7 6 Perce, fftrw r lozs * 10---------- 9_______ / t7 $— —i____LJ 8% 100 120 It is only within certain very wide limits that such a determination would be possible. Dr. Pollard has made some interesting experiments on the question of rehydration of coal under varying conditions. It is to be hoped that these and many other matters which have been brought before us by other members may be published separately, as the time and space at our disposal have not allowed us to do them the justice which they may merit, and some of them have only reached us since this report was well under way. We feel that the conclusions and recommendations which form the next and the final section of this report are the reasonable deductions from the facts presented in the body of this report. (To be concluded.) Institution of Mining and Metallurgy.—The twenty- second annual general meeting of the Institution of Mining and Metallurgy will be held at the rooms of the Geological Society, Burlington House, Piccadilly, W., on Thursday, March 13, 1913, at 8 o'clock p.m. Mr. Bedford McNeill will deliver his presidential address. Grimsby Coal Exports.—The^coal exports from Grimsby during the week ended on the 28th ult. to foreign destina- tions totalled 17,926 tons, the official returns showing the shipments to ports as follows :—To Ahus, 1,484 tons; Arendal, 253 ; Bergen, 986; Christiania, 3,883; Dieppe, 356; Gothenburg, 308; Limhamn, 1,570; Malmo, 125; Nyborg, 799 ; Rouen, 694 ; Rotterdam, 161 ; Skien, 1,236 ; Stavanger, 566 ; Tonsberg, 449 ; Trelleborg, 2,540 ; Trondhjem, 1,922 ; and Tvdestrand, 594. There were no coastal shipments during the week. THE INDUSTRIAL CONSUMPTION OF COAL. Some interesting figures relating to the consumption of coal in various industries in the censal year (1907) are contained in the report on the Census of Production recently issued. All firms owning factories were asked to make a voluntary statement respecting the quantity of fuel con- sumed by them. The replies received are summarised below, and shown in relation to the aggregate net output of the firms furnishing information; it should be remembered that information regarding fuel has not, as a rule, been furnished in respect of workshops, where the quantity used is naturally much less than in Trade. Net output of firms furnishing particulars. Fuel consumed by firms furnishing particulars. ' Amount. Percentage of total net output of the trade. Coal. Coke. » Iron and steel, engineering and shipbuilding trades:— Iron and steel trades (smelting, rolling and founding) £ 12,539,000 41’7 Tons. 3,728,524 Tons. 162,006 T nplate trade 1,681,000 83*7 708,896 52 Wrought iron and steel tube trade 985.600 45’0 243,062 13,519 Wire trades 1,637^000 77’2 187,956 15,223 Anchor, chain, nail, bolt, screw and rivet trades 1,258,000 54’4 110,147 28,655 Galvanised sheet, hardware, hollow-ware, tinned and japanned goods and bedstead trades 4,347,000 66’5 226,668 70,520 Engineering trades (including electrical engineering) 32,632,000 64’6 1,400,171 468,503 Royal oro nance factories 1,452,000 100’0 95,991 10,156 Naval ordnance factories 77,000 100’0 1,874 200 Shipbuilding yards and marine engineering trades Private firms 14,142,000 76*3 606,317 90,099 Government yards and lighthouse authorities 2,470,000 99’2 113,075 10,741 Cycle and motor trades 3,904,000 66’2 36,982 8,967 Cutlery trade 491,000 45’4 15,603 3,318 Tool and implement trades 1,278,000 61’1 109,815 35,259 Blacksmithing trade 1,169,000 79’1 52,655 16,251 Needle, pin, fish-hook, and button trades 418,000 49’4 14,679 915 Lock and safe trades 467,000 72*3 8,328 2,457 Small arms trades ’ 162,600 30’1 3,801 588 Heating, lighting, ventilating, and sanitary engineering *trades 903,000 57’6 8,801 11,335 Railway carriage and wagon trades 3,189,000 89’5 300,144 80,888 Railways (constructs n, repair, and maintenance of permanent way, rolling stock, plant, &c.) 17,082,000 99’9 1,013,708 161,867 Total 102,283,000 66’8 8,987,197 1,191,519 Metal trades, other than iron and steel:— Copper and brass trades (smelting, rolling, and casting)... 2,496,000 85’2 561,426 90,466 Finished brass trades 2,379,000 68*9 42,071 23,499 Gold and silver refining trade 427,000 99’1 45,718 16,797 Lead, tin, zinc, and other metal trades (except iron, copper, brass, gold, and silver) 897,000 81*8 291,562 37,115 Plate and jewellery trades 2,237,000 62*2 23,602 3,893 Watch and clock trades 198,000 51’8 3,099 459 Total 8,634,000 72’6 967,478 172,229 Textile trades :— Cotton trade 36,524,000 81*2 3,478,970 7,405 Woollen and worsted trades 12,241,000 65’8 1,166,521 8,023 Jute, hemp, and linen trades 7,322,000 77*5 521,200 1,467 Silk trades 1,037,000 58’9 46,467 604 Lace trades 2,562,000 71’3 106,611 981 Hosiery trades 2,768,900 88’2 50,281 430 Elastic webbing trades 214,000 75’6 8,116 83 Cocoanut fibre, hr rsehair, &c., trades 321,000 75’9 13.189 . 1,091 Rope, twine, and net trades 359,000 33’5 18,252 705 Flock and rag trades 84,000 25’4 5,606 415 Bleaching, dyeing, printing, and finishing trades 9,646,000 92*0 2,718,096 23,434 FLx-scutching trade 72,000 97*3 504 82 Velvet and fustian cutting trade 108,000 . 96’4 3,461 405 Total 73,264,000 77’7 8,137,274 45,125 Clothing trades:— Clothing, handkerchief and millinery trades—private firms and companies 8,816,000 32*3 53,057 5,746 Be ot and shoe trades 5,230,000 58*2 33,817 4,085 Hat, bonnet and cap trades 1,247,000 60*2 66,109 5,838 Glove trade 316, < 00 71’8 5,310 224 Umbrella and walking-stick trades 340,000 55*7 4,667 584 Fancy fur trade 131,000 22*3 2,818 3,404 Hatters' fur trade 97,000 89*8 1,208 384 Artificial flower and ornamental feather trades . — — — — Laundry and cleaning and dyeing trades 5,385,000 74’7 353,081 134,376 Royal Army Clothing Factory 97,747 100*0 — 171 Army laundries 6,824 100*0 944 172 Total 21,666,571 45’4 521,011 154,984 Food, drink, and tobacco trades :— Grain-milling trade 5,059,000 78*4 587,415 13,227 Bread and biscuit trades—private firms and companies ... 9,840,000 85*4 301,653 305,145 Cocoa, confectionery, and fruit-preserving trades 4,593,000 89*4 216,123 27,428 Bacon-curing trade 891,000 84*1 47,712 3,367 Preserved meat, poultry, and fish, pickle, sauce, and baking-powder trades 1,500,000 80*0 31,932 3,027 Butter, cheese, and margarine trades 1,065,000 91*2 96,022 1,374 Fish-curing trade 53,000 6*9 496 132 Manufacture of farinaceous preparations and household articles for cleansing and polishing (except soap) 1,312,000 65’0 58,823 8,961 Cattle, dog, and poultry food trades 255,000 81’5 15,551 3,995 Ice trade 223,000 84*5 76,799 2,446 Sugar and glucose trades 2,991,000 90*9 411,154 4,758 Brewing and malting trades 28,550,000 69*3 945,303 57,282 Spirit distilling trade '..... 1,366,000 92*2 345,062 12,252 Spirit compounding, rectifying, and methylating trades... 151,000 37’6 2,890 18 Bottling trade 1,923,000 61’2 13,583 4,648 Aerated waters, cider, British-made wines, non-alcoholic beverages (brewed), and vinegar trades 2,888,000 80*7 54,584 17,244 Tobacco trade 5,465,000 93’9 34,274 1,648 Total—private firms 68,125,000 76T 3,239,376 466,952 Army bakeries in the United Kingdom 6,457 100 32 1,017 Naval victualling yards—home establishments 2,484 100 173 — Total—Government Departments ... 8,941 100 205 1,017 Chemical and allied trades :— Chemicals, coal tar products, drugs and perfumery trades 6,058,000 633 2,065,201 150,085 Seed-crushing trade 1,319,000 95*0 176,318 947 Oil and tallow trades (excluding seed-crushing) 850,(»00 76*4 117,986 2,694 Fertilizer, glue, sheep-dip and disinfectant trades 1,700,000 88*5 240,291 12,658 Soap and candle trades 2,409,000 82’9 276,814 7,345 Paint, colour and varnish trades 2,360,000 86*0 131,258 13,228 Explosives, ammunition and fireworks trades 1,304,000 86*4 153,060 2,794 Match and firelighter trades 396,000 96*8 7,657 1,719 Total 16,396,000 76’0 3,168,585 „ 191,470 factories in proportion to net output. The figure of coal consumption shown against the iron and steel trades is exclusive of the quantity of coal used tn blast- furnaces in 1907, which is estimated by the Home Office to have been about 21,120,000 tons, including coal used as coke. All companies and public authorities receiving the schedules were asked to furnish a voluntary statement respecting the quantity of fuel consumed by them in connection with the production of the goods or the execution of the works shown as their output. On the basis of the very full replies received from gas under- takings it is estimated that 16,203,000 tons of coal were